Paul Simon (politician)

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Paul M. Simon
Senior Senator, Illinois
In office January 1985–1997
Preceded by	Charles H. Percy
Succeeded by	Richard Durbin
Born	November 29, 1928 Eugene, Oregon
Died	December 9, 2003 Springfield, Illinois
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Jeanne Hurley Simon
Religion	Lutheran

For other persons named Paul Simon, see Paul Simon (disambiguation).

Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American politician from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1974 to 1985 and United States Senate from 1985 to 1997. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988. During the campaign, he briefly captured the national attention and was considered a major candidate. This led to an appearance on the popular television show Saturday Night Live, co-hosting with celebrated singer Paul Simon.

He later served as director of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, starting in 1997. There, he taught classes on politics, history and journalism.

Simon was noted for his distinctive professorial appearance that included a bow-tie and heavy-rimmed glasses.

Contents 1 Political values 2 Early political years 3 Rise to national prominence 4 Public Policy Institute 5 Death and beyond 6 External links

[edit] Political values

An avowed social liberal, Simon spent his career denouncing racism, supporting women's rights, and encouraging equality for racial and ethnic minorities. He was a fiscal conservative who described himself as "a pay-as-you-go Democrat." As a senator, he overhauled the college student loan program to allow students and their families to borrow directly from the federal government, thus saving money by not using private banks to disperse the loans. He fiercely took a stand against obscenity and violence in the media in the 1990s.

In foreign affairs, he promoted the military response to Somalia during the presidency of George H.W. Bush, and he was an outspoken critic of President Bill Clinton's timid response to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, which resulted in the deaths of up to one million people. Simon believed America should have acted faster, and Clinton later said his belated response was the biggest mistake of his presidency. He is, together with Jim Jeffords, credited by Canadian Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire, Force Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) from 1993 to 1994, for actively lobbying the US administration into mounting a humanitarian mission to Rwanda during the genocide. According to Dallaire's book Shake Hands with the Devil, he "owe[s] a great debt of gratitude" to both senators.

[edit] Early political years

Simon, the son of a Lutheran minister who was a missionary to China, was born in Eugene, Oregon shortly after his parents were forced back to America following a controversy about what the appropriate Chinese term for God should be. He attended the University of Oregon and Dana College in Blair, Nebraska, but never graduated. After meeting with local Lions Club members, he borrowed $3,600 to take over the defunct Troy Call newspaper in 1948, becoming the nations' youngest editor-publisher of the renamed Troy Tribune in Troy, Madison County, Illinois, eventually building a chain of fourteen weeklies. His activism against gambling, prostitution, and government corruption while at the Troy Tribune forced the newly-elected governor, Adlai Stevenson, to take a stand on these issues, creating national exposure for Simon that later resulted in his testifying before the Kefauver Commission.

Simon served in the United States Army during the Korean War from 1951 to 1953, becoming an intelligence officer. Upon his discharge, he began his political career, serving in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1955 to 1963. As a state legislator, he worked to achieve fiscal responsibility and to expand public utilities in rural parts of the state that did not yet have them. He was also active in promoting Civil Rights, and once hosted an event attended by former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He did many notable things to promote himself and his causes during these years, including wearing his trademark bow-tie, and successfully proposing that the cardinal be adopted as the state bird.

He was one of the youngest elected state legislators in Illinois history (at 26 he was only a year older than Abraham Lincoln had been when he entered the state legislature). He upset two Democratic Party machine candidates, and adopted his trademark bowtie when a newspaper account of a debate stated "the man with the bowtie did well." When he married Jeanne Hurley Simon on April 21, 1960, she was a member of the state legislature (1957-1961) and it was the first time in Illinois history that two sitting members of the General Assembly were married to each other. She did not seek re-election but was an integral part of Simon's rise to national prominence. She later became a successful lawyer and author, and they had two children together, Sheila and Martin. She died in February of 2000 of brain cancer. In 2001, Simon married Patricia Derge.

He moved to the Illinois State Senate in 1963, serving there until 1968. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 1968 and served from 1969 to 1973. As a Democrat, he served with Republican Governor Richard B. Ogilvie. His bipartisan teamwork with Ogilvie produced the state's first income tax and paved the way for the state's constitutional convention in 1969, which created Illinois's fourth (and current) constitution. The Ogilvie-Simon administration was the only one in Illinois history in which the governor and lieutenant governor were from opposing political parties. (The state constitution ratified in 1970 requires the governor and lieutenant governor to run and be elected together on a joint ticket.)

His 1972 campaign to win the Democratic nomination for governor was upset by Dan Walker, who went on to win in the general election.

[edit] Rise to national prominence

Following his defeat, Simon became a professor at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois in 1973 and then at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1973.

Simon was a prolific author, he came to national prominence in the 1960s, in part, due to his well-researched book, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years. Despite being published 100 years after Lincoln's death, it was the first book to exhaustively cite original source documents from Lincoln's eight years in the General Assembly. He later went on to write more than 20 books on a wide range of topics, including interfaith marriages (he was a Lutheran and his wife, Jeanne, was a Catholic), global water shortages, United States Supreme Court nomination battles that focused heavily on his personal experiences with Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas (he was on the Senate Judiciary Committee during these hearings), his autobiography, and even a well-received book on slain Illinois preacher Elijah Lovejoy. His last book, Our Culture of Pandering, was published in October 2003.

He resumed his political career and was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fourth Congress in 1974 and was reelected to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975-January 3, 1985). He then ran and was elected to the United States Senate in 1984 and was reelected in 1990. While serving in the Senate, he co-authored an unsuccessful Balanced Budget Amendment with Republican Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah. He did not seek reelection in 1996.

After his retirement from politics, he continued to play a role in public life by writing books, and through the SIU Public Policy Institute, which was named for him after his death.

[edit] Public Policy Institute

Simon lived for many years in the small town of Makanda, south of Carbondale, where he was a professor and director of the SIU Public Policy Institute. While there, he tried to foster the Institute into becoming a think tank that could advance the lives of all people. Activities included going to Liberia and Croatia to oversee their elections, bringing major speakers to campus, denouncing the death penalty, trying to end trade restrictions with communist Cuba, fostering political courage among his students, and promoting amendments to the Constitution to end the Electoral College and to limit the president to a single six-year term of office. Concerning the Electoral College during the controversial Election 2000 fiasco, Simon said, "I think if somebody gets the majority vote, they should be president. But, I don't think the system is going to be changed."

Simon believed modern presidents practice "followship," rather than leadership, saying, "We have been more and more leaning on polls to decide what we're going to do, and you don't get leadership from polls... and not just at the presidential level. It's happening with senators, House members and even state legislators sometimes [when they] conduct polls to find out where people stand on something."

[edit] Death and beyond

Simon died in Springfield, Illinois following heart surgery at the age of 75 in 2003. Just four days before, despite being hospitalized and awaiting surgery, he had endorsed Howard Dean's 2004 presidential bid in a telephone conference call he conducted from his hospital bed. He was also an early supporter of current Illinois Senator Barack Obama, having made a television commercial that later aired in downstate Illinois after his death. His endorsement was used effectively and was considered a major reason for Obama's surprise victory in the Democratic primary.

In July 2005, the Paul Simon Historical Museum was opened in Troy, Illinois, where Simon lived for 25 years. It includes memorabilia throughout his life, including the desk and camera from his days as a young editor of the Troy Tribune, items from his presidential campaign, and his lieutenant governor license plates. The museum is open to the public.

Paul Simon made a brief cameo appearance as himself in the 1993 political drama film, Dave.

Preceded by Samuel H. Shapiro	Lieutenant Governor of Illinois 1969–1973	Succeeded by Neil Hartigan
Preceded by Kenneth J. Gray	U.S. Representative Illinois 24th District 1975–1983	Succeeded by District dissolved
Preceded by Dan Crane	U.S. Representative Illinois 22nd District 1983–1985	Succeeded by Kenneth J. Gray
Preceded by Charles H. Percy	Class 2 U.S. Senator from Illinois 1985–1997	Succeeded by Richard Durbin

[edit] External links

• Paul Simon Public Policy Institute
• CNN obituary
• Paul Simon Tribute in Daily Egyptian
• Our Culture of Pandering, ISBN 0-8093-2529-2