Patricio Aylwin
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| Patricio Aylwin Azócar | |
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31st President of Chile
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| In office March 11, 1990 – March 11, 1994 |
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| Preceded by | Augusto Pinochet |
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| Succeeded by | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
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| Born | November 26, 1918 Viña del Mar, Chile |
| Political party | Christian Democrat |
| Spouse | Leonor Oyarzún |
Patricio Aylwin Azócar (born November 26, 1918) was the president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet.
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[edit] Early life
Aylwin was born in Viña del Mar, Chile to Miguel Aylwin and Laura Azócar, the eldest of five children. An excellent student, he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Chile where he became a lawyer, with the highest distinction, in 1943. He served as professor of administrative law, first at the University of Chile and then also at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. He was also professor of civic education and political economy at the National Institute.
Patricio Aylwin is married to Leonor Oyarzun Ivanovic. They have five children and 14 grandchildren.
[edit] Political career
Patricio Aylwin’s involvement in politics started in 1945, when he joined the Falange Nacional. Later on he was elected president of the Falange and when that party became the Christian Democrats, he served seven terms as its president between 1958 and 1989.
In 1965 he was elected to the National Congress as senator. In 1971, he became the president of the Senate. During the government of Popular Unity, headed by Salvador Allende, he was also the president of his party, and he led the democratic opposition to Allende within and without Congress. He is credited, in some measure, with trying to find a peaceful solution to the country’s political crisis. Nonetheless, in 1973, only a week before the Chilean coup of 1973, he signed a congressional act asking the military to "help reestablish the rule of law". This document, little noticed at the time, was later used as the main excuse for the uprising of the normally apolitical Chilean military.
Patricio Aylwin, was president of the Christian Democrats until 1976, and after the death of the natural leader of the party, Eduardo Frei Montalva, in 1982, he led his party during one of the most difficult eras in Chilean history. Later he helped establish the "Constitutional Studies Group of 24" to reunite the country’s democratic sectors against the dictatorship. In 1979 he served as a spokesman in the group that opposed the plebiscite that approved a new constitution.
In 1982 Patricio Aylwin was elected vice president of the Christian Democrats. He was among the first to advocate acceptance of the constitution as a reality in order to facilitate the return to democracy. The opposition eventually met the legal standards imposed by the Pinochet regime and participated in the 1988 plebiscite.
In October 1988, Chileans voted in a presidential referendum to end General Pinochet's bid for 8 more years as president. Patricio Aylwin was at the center of the movement that defeated General Pinochet.
After the plebiscite, he participated in negotiations that led the government and the opposition to agree on 54 constitutional reforms, thereby making possible a peaceful transition from 16 years of dictatorship to democracy.
[edit] Presidency
Patricio Aylwin was elected president of the Republic on December 14, 1989.
He led the reconstruction of Chile and the reconciliation of its peoples. Since leaving office in 1994, he has continued his lifelong commitment to promoting justice. In 1995, he was the catalyst for a United Nations summit on poverty. He is now president of the Corporation for Democracy and Justice, a non-profit organization he founded to develop approaches to eliminating poverty and to strengthen ethical values in politics.
Patricio Aylwin has received the Doctor Honoris Causa degree from universities in Australia, Canada, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, and the United States and from seven Chilean universities. In 1997 the Council of Europe awarded the North-South Prize to Patricio Aylwin and to Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland, for their contributions to fostering human rights, democracy, and cooperation between Europe and Latin America.
| Preceded by Tomás Reyes Vicuña |
President of Falange Nacional 1951-1952 |
Succeeded by Tomás Reyes Vicuña |
| Preceded by Tomás Pablo Elorza |
President of the Senate of Chile 1971-1972 |
Succeeded by José Ignacio Palma Vicuña |
| Preceded by Narciso Irureta |
President of the Christian Democrat Party 1973-1976 |
Succeeded by Andrés Zaldívar |
| Preceded by Gabriel Valdés |
President of the Christian Democrat Party 1989-1991 |
Succeeded by Andrés Zaldívar |
| Preceded by Augusto Pinochet (military dictator) |
President of Chile 1990–1994 |
Succeeded by Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| Presidents of Chile |  |
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| Blanco Encalada | Freire | Pinto Díaz | Prieto | Bulnes | Montt Torres | Pérez | Errázuriz Zañartu | Pinto Garmendia | Santa María | Balmaceda | Montt Álvarez | Errázuriz Echaurren | Riesco | Montt Montt | Barros Luco | Sanfuentes | Alessandri Palma | Figueroa | Ibáñez del Campo | Montero | Aguirre Cerda | Ríos | González Videla | Alessandri Rodríguez | Frei Montalva | Allende | Pinochet | Aylwin | Frei Ruiz-Tagle | Lagos | Bachelet | ||||
[edit] External links
- Official Biography (in Spanish)
