Pathein

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Pathein

Pathein
Burmese:	ပုသိမ္‌မ္ရုိ့
- IPA	[pa̰θein mjoṵ]
- MLCTS	pu. sim mrui.
Admin. division:	Ayeyarwady Division
Area:	km²
Population:	300,000
Coordinates:	16°46'26.40"N, 94°43'53.83"E
Mayor:
Demographics
Ethnicities:	Bamar, Burmese Indians
Religions:	Buddhism, Islam

Pathein (Burmese: ပုသိမ္မ္ရုိ့; MLCTS: pu. sim mrui.), formerly known as Bassein, is a city (1983 pop. 144,092) and the capital of Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar. Lying at the western edge of the Ayeyarwady river delta, on the Pathein (Ngawan) River 190 km west of Yangon, Pathein is accessible to large vessels and despite its distance from the ocean, it is the most important delta port outside of Yangon. It is also the terminus of a branch of the main railroad line. The town is a rice-milling and export centre.

The city’s name may derive from “Pathi” (Burmese word for “Muslim”), due to the large population of Arab and Indian traders. The name was corrupted to “Bassein” during the British colonial period. The British built a fort and established a garrison in 1826, after the First Anglo-Burmese War.

Pathein is now a peaceful little town with a scenic waterfront, many Buddhist temples, and Pathein umbrella workshops. The colourful hand-made umbrellas made in Pathein are famous in Myanmar.

Although once part of the Mon kingdom, Pathein has few ethnic Mon residents today. There are sizeable minorities of Karen and Rakhine.

The main sight of Pathein is Shwemokhtaw Paya, a Buddhist temple originally founded (according to local legend) by King Asoka of India in 305 BC. Bagan’s King Alaungsithu raised the height of the stupa to 11 meters in 1115 AD, and King Samodogossa raised it to 40 meters in 1263 AD. The stupa is now 46.6 meters tall, with the topmost layer made of 6.3 kg of solid gold, the middle tier of pure silver, and the third tier of bronze, with some 829 diamonds, 843 rubies, and 1588 semi-precious stones.