Palatal hook

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N with palatal hook, followed by eng, a palatal n and a retroflex n for comparison, in the Doulos SIL font.
N with palatal hook, followed by eng, a palatal n and a retroflex n for comparison, in the Doulos SIL font.

The palatal hook ( ̡) is a type of hook diacritic formerly used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent palatalized consonants. It is a small, leftwards-facing hook joined to the bottom-right side of a letter, and is distinguished from various other hooks indicating retroflexion, etc.

The IPA recommended that esh (ʃ) and ezh (ʒ) not use the palatal hook, but instead get special curled symbols: ʆ and ʓ. However, versions with the hook may have been used by some authors.

The palatal hook was withdrawn in 1989, in favour of a superscript j following the consonant (i.e. ƫ becomes tʲ).

It is considered a modified character of the Latin alphabet.

[edit] Computer encoding

Unicode includes both a combining character for the palatal hook, as well as several precomposed characters, including superscript letters with palatal hooks.

While LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK has been in Unicode since 1991, the rest weren't added until 2005. As such, font support for the latter characters is much less than for the former.

Appearance Code point Name
̡ U+0321 COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
ᶀ U+1D80 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶁ U+1D81 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶂ U+1D82 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶃ U+1D83 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶄ U+1D84 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶅ U+1D85 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶆ U+1D86 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶇ U+1D87 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶈ U+1D88 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶉ U+1D89 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶊ U+1D8A LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶋ U+1D8B LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH PALATAL HOOK
ƫ U+01AB LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶌ U+1D8C LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶍ U+1D8D LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶎ U+1D8E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶪ U+1DAA MODIFIER LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK
ᶵ U+1DB5 MODIFIER LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
The Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • ISO 646 • list of letters
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