Oswald Rufeisen

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Oswald Rufeisen 1922-1998, also known as Brother Daniel was born to a Jewish family living in Poland, near Oświęcim. To escape Nazi persecution, he hid in a monastery for over a year; during this time he decided to convert to Catholicism. In 1945, after the war, Rufeisen returned to Poland, converted, studied for the priesthood, and became a Carmelite monk.

In the 1950s, Rufeisen applied for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return, which provides Jews (and others) with Israeli citizenship through a streamlined process (e.g. without the requirement of several years residency).

The Israeli government denied his request, on the grounds that he had converted to Christianity. Rufeisen appealed the case to the Supreme Court of Israel, and in 1962 the Court upheld the government's decision: any Jew converting to another religion would lose their preferential access to Israeli citizenship. (Rufeisen v Minister of the Interior, (1962) 16 PD 2428)

Nevertheless, Rufeisen was able to immigrate to Israel, acquired Israeli citizenship through naturalization, and lived the rest of his life at the Stella Maris Carmelite Monastery in Haifa.