Oslo Airport, Gardermoen
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Oslo Airport, Gardermoen | |||
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IATA: OSL - ICAO: ENGM | |||
Summary | |||
Airport type | Public | ||
Operator | Oslo Lufthavn | ||
Serves | Oslo | ||
Elevation AMSL | 681 ft (208 m) | ||
Coordinates | |||
Runways | |||
Direction | Length | Surface | |
ft | m | ||
01L/19R | 11,811 | 3,600 | Asphalt |
01R/19L | 9,678 | 2,950 | Asphalt |
Oslo Airport, Gardermoen (IATA: OSL, ICAO: ENGM) (Norwegian: Oslo lufthavn, Gardermoen) is located in Gardermoen in Ullensaker, Norway, 48 km north of Oslo. Opened in 1998, it is the main international airport serving Norway with two runways. It is a hub of SAS Braathens and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The airport serves as international airport with departures to 5 continents (some via Kastrup, Copenhagen.)
Approximately 16 million passengers travelled through Oslo Airport in 2005, which is an increase of 1 million since 2004. The airport has two parallel runways of 2950 m and 3600 m, 34 passenger bridges and 5 commuter stands, 64 check-in counters and 71 aircraft stands. A third runway may be necessary in the future. There are plans for increasing the terminal area by adding a new terminal B to OSL.
The airport functions as a national hub, with a total of 25 domestic destinations, with 16 being served with jet aircraft. Seven are served on public service obligation contract with the Norwegian government using regional aircraft.
Gardermoen has the largest duty free shop in Europe. This due to the fact that Norway is not an EU member, and still may sell goods duty free to all international destinations. Arriving passengers can also buy duty free products.
Sandefjord Airport, Torp also serves Oslo, primarily by low-cost carriers and regional airlines.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Military and secondary
The Norwegian Army started using Gardermoen as a camp as early as 1740, when it was then called Fredericksfeldt. The first flight took place in 1912, and by 1920 there were multiple hangars at the airport.
When the Germans invaded Norway during World War II they bombed the airport, but subsequently rebuilt it with two 2000-meter runways.
After the war Gardermoen was used both for charter and intercontinental flights. Charter flights were operated from 1972 at Gardermoen instead of Fornebu due to a lack of slots at Fornebu, while intercontinental flights had to be operated from Gardermoen because the runway at Fornebu was too short. It was only in the 1990s that SAS flights to New York were moved to Fornebu.
[edit] Finding a new airport
After Gressholmen (sea) and Kjeller Airport (land) had been serving Oslos as airports, the new airport at Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened in 1939. But in the 1980s the airport was getting severe capacity problems. The airport had only one runway, so there were no available slots at the airport during morning and afternoon rush. This made it impossible for the new deregulated airline market to work, since potential new airlines would not have access to enough slots at Fornebu. A new runway could not be constructed because of space problems. The old airport also suffered from lack of adequate public transport, with no metro or railway line to the airport. The airport was located quite close to the city centre and beside a residential area, causing great sound pollution problems.
There were many candidate locations for the new main airport for Oslo, notably Hobøl, Hurum, Kroer, Ås and Gardermoen. Though the political process around the airport location started in the 1950s, the first real decision came in 1988 when parliament decided to build an airport at Hurum. But meteorological surveys showed that there would be too much fog at Hurum, and the process was cancelled. On October 8, 1992 parliament made a final decision to build an airport at Gardermoen.
[edit] OSL Gardermoen
A new operating company, Oslo Lufthavn AS took over the operating of Gardermoen and Fornebu. The decision in parliament meant that the new airport had to be build self-financing, and so a separate limited company had to be created to finance the new airport. The airport's total construction cost of 11,4 billion NOK was all borrowed by the company, and profits from airport operations are used to pay the debt. The company also operated Fornebu from January 1, 1997. Oslo Lufthavn AS is a wholly owned subsidiary of Avinor AS, the Norwegian civil airport administration.
A new high-speed railway, Gardermobanen, was built at the same time as the airport. Trains depart the airport for Oslo Central Station six times each hour. It was the first high-speed railway built in Norway, and is now operated by Flytoget.
Gardermoen took over as the main Oslo airport on 8 October 1998, when Fornebu Airport was closed. The transfer happened overnight, and was a major operation. The new airport has a capacity of 17 million passengers per year, and 80 air movements per hour.
After the opening of Gardermoen, the access of slots at the airport and the arrival of a new low-cost carrier Color Air resulted in a major price war among the airlines, ending in 1999 when Color Air went bankrupt. During this period there were almost 50 daily flights between Gardermoen and each of Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim.
In October 2001 the only intercontinental flight, to Newark, New Jersey with SAS was discontinued. In 2004 Continental Airlines resumed service on this route.
In 2002 Norwegian Air Shuttle, started operations using Gardermoen as its hub. The airline serves 46 international and 8 domestic destinations.
On January 18, 2006, Liv Signe Navarsete, minister of Transport and Communications, opened Europe's first infrared deicing hangar at Oslo Airport. The hangar will supplement standard deicing for the rest of the winter season.
[edit] Airlines and Destinations
[edit] Domestic Scheduled
- Air Norway (Ørland)
- Coast Air (Fagernes, Røros, Stord)
- Danish Air Transport (Florø)
- Norwegian Air Shuttle (Alta, Bergen, Bodø, Harstad/Narvik, Kirkenes, Stavanger, Tromsø, Trondheim)
- Scandinavian Airlines System
- SAS Braathens (Ålesund, Alta, Bardufoss, Bergen, Bodø, Harstad/Narvik, Haugesund, Kirkenes, Kristiansand, Kristiansund, Lakselv [seasonal], Longyearbyen, Molde, Stavanger, Tromsø, Trondheim)
- Widerøe (Førde, Ørsta/Volda, Sandane, Sogndal)
[edit] International Scheduled
- Aeroflot (Moscow-Sheremetyevo)
- Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
- Air Malta (Malta)
- Air Norway (Aalborg)
- airBaltic (Riga, Vilnius)
- Atlantic Airways (Torshavn)
- Austrian Airlines (Vienna)
- Blue1 (Helsinki)
- British Airways (London-Heathrow)
- Sun Air (Aalborg, Aarhus, Billund)
- Cimber Air (Billund)
- City Star Airlines (Aberdeen)
- Condor (Frankfurt)
- Continental Airlines (Newark)
- Direktflyg (Borlänge/Falun)
- Czech Airlines (Prague)
- Estonian Air (Tallinn)
- Finnair (Helsinki, Stockholm-Arlanda)
- Finncomm Airlines (Helsinki)
- Fly LAL (Palanga)
- FlyNordic (Stockholm-Arlanda)
- Germanwings (Cologne/Bonn [ends February 25, 2007])
- Icelandair (Reykjavík)
- Iceland Express (Reykjavik [Starts May 15. 2007])
- KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Amsterdam)
- LOT Polish Airlines (Warsaw)
- Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Munich)
- Lufthansa CityLine (Hamburg, Munich)
- Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest)
- Norwegian Air Shuttle (Alicante, Berlin-Schönefeld, Bordeaux [starts April 19, 2007], Budapest, Burgas, Copenhagen, Dubrovnik, Düsseldorf, Faro, Geneva, Gdansk, Hamburg, Heraklion, Ibiza, Kos, Krakow, London-Stansted, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, Nice, Paris-Orly, Pisa, Prague, Pula [starts April 14, 2007], Rhodes, Riga, Rijeka, Rome-Ciampino, Saint Petersburg, Salzburg, Split, Stockholm-Arlanda, Tallinn, Turin, Valencia [starts April 14, 2007], Varna, Venice, Vilnius, Warsaw, Zürich [starts January 6, 2007])
- Pakistan International Airlines (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore)
- Scandinavian Airlines System (Copenhagen, Stockholm-Arlanda)
- SAS Braathens (Alicante, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin-Tegel, Brussels, Crete, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Las Palmas, Lisbon, London-Heathrow, Madrid, Málaga, Manchester, Milan-Malpensa, Naples, Nice, Palma, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Prague [Ends Spring 2007], Reykjavík, Rome-Fiumicino, Stockholm-Arlanda, Vienna [Ends Spring 2007], Zürich)
- SN Brussels Airlines (Brussels)
- Sterling Airlines (Alicante, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Florence, Las Palmas, Málaga, Montpellier, Nice, Palma, Paris-Orly, Rome-Ciampino, Tenerife-South)
- TAP Portugal (Copenhagen, Lisbon)
- Turkish Airlines (Istanbul-Atatürk)
- Widerøe (Bornholm [Starts june 15, 2007], Gothenburg-Landvetter, Sumburgh, Visby)
[edit] Charter
- Air Europa (Barcelona, Alicante)
- Eurocypria Airlines (Larnaca)
- MyTravel Airways (Bourgas, Varna, Hurughada, Gran Canaria, Karpathos, Korfu, Kos, Chania, Heraklion, Nicosia, Lanzarote, Limnos, Palma de Mallorca, Rhodes, Skiatos, Antalya, Tenerife, Funchal, Phuket, Bangkok)
- Nouvelair Tunisia (Tunis)
- Novair (Fuerteventura, Sharm el Sheik, Gran Canaria, Vardero, Hurughada, Recife, Goa, Tenerife, La Gomera)
- Onur Air (Eliat)
- SAS Braathens
- SATA International
- Shorouk Air
- Spanair
- TUIfly Nordic
[edit] Cargo
The following cargo airlines fly to Oslo Airport:
- British Airways
- Danish Air Transport
- DHL
- Guard Air
- Korean Air
- Lufthansa
- SAS Cargo Group
- TNT Cargo
- United Parcel Service
- Aeroflot
Pegasus Airlines provides helicopter service.
[edit] New Destinations and Airlines
- 2007-01-06 Zurich, Norwegian Air Shuttle
- 2007-04-14 Pula, Norwegian Air Shuttle
- 2007-04-14 Valencia, Norwegian Air Shuttle
- 2007-04-19 Bordeaux, Norwegian Air Shuttle
- 2007-05-15 Reykjavík, Iceland Express
- 2007-06-15 Bornholm, Widerøe
[edit] Accessibility
- Rail
- A high-speed train service, Flytoget takes 19 minutes for the journey to Oslo's central station. (Oslo S) every 10 minutes. It also serves suburbs east and west of Oslo.
- All trains heading north of Oslo on Hovedbanen stop at the airport.
- Bus
- Flybussekspressen operates a bus service to the airport
- Most express buses from central and northwestern Norway stop at Gardermoen.
- Motorway
- The airport is located on E6
- 11,400 parking spaces.
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
- Oslo Airport
- World Aero Data airport information for ENGM
Airports of Norway |
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Primary Airports Alta | Bardufoss | Bergen | Bodø | Harstad/Narvik | Haugesund | Kirkenes | Kristiansand | Kristiansund | Lakselv | Molde | Oslo | Stavanger | Tromsø | Trondheim | Ålesund |
Regional Airports Andenes | Brønnøysund | Båtsfjord | Berlevåg | Fagernes | Florø | Førde | Hammerfest | Hasvik | Honningsvåg | Leknes | Mehamn | Mo i Rana | Mosjøen | Namsos | Narvik | Røros | Rørvik | Røst | Sandane | Sandnessjøen | Sogndal | Stokmarknes | Svolvær | Sørkjosen | Vadsø | Vardø | Værøy | Ørsta/Volda |
Overseas Territories Jan Mayen | Longyearbyen | Ny-Ålesund | Svea |
Private Notodden | Sandefjord | Skien | Stord |
Air Force Stations Andøya | Banak | Bardufoss | Bodø | Gardermoen | Rygge | Sola | Ørland |
Closed Geilo | Oslo-Fornebu |
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