Operation Medusa

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Operation Medusa

Canadian soldiers watch as dust rises from an explosion during Operation Medusa.

Date	September 2, 2006 — September 17, 2006 (other phases completed mid October)
Location	Panjwaye and Zhari districts, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
Result	Taliban forces massed in the region were routed out and are now only able to operate by using roadside/suicide bombs.

Combatants

Canada ,

U.S

U.K

Netherlands
Afghan National Army

Taliban insurgents

Strength

2,000

1,200+

Casualties

Canada:
5 killed , 44 wounded
U.K.:
14 killed (MR-2 crash)
U.S.:
1 killed

517 killed,
85 captured^[1]

2001 war in Afghanistan
Tora Bora – Anaconda – Mountain Thrust – Panjwaii – Medusa – Mountain Fury

Operation Medusa was a Canadian-led offensive by major elements of the International Security Assistance Force and Afghan National Army that began on September 2, 2006 as part of the 2001 war in Afghanistan. It aimed to establish government control over an area of Kandahar Province centered on the town of Panjwayi some 30 km west of Kandahar city. This area is characterized by numerous small farming villages in the valley of the Arghandab River.

Afghan and NATO forces killed more than 200 Taliban fighters in a major operation in southern Afghanistan, NATO said on September 3, 2006. Four Canadian soldiers with the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force were killed and nine others were wounded in the fighting in Kandahar province, a statement from the alliance said.

“Reports indicate that more than 200 Taliban fighters have been killed since Operation Medusa began early morning on September 2, 2006. This figure was arrived at by reviewing information from ISAF surveillance and reconnaissance assets operating in Panjwaye and Zhari districts, as well as information reported by various Afghan officials and citizens living nearby,”

it said. More than 80 suspected Taliban fighters were captured by Afghan police and a further 180 insurgents were seen fleeing the district, the statement said.^[2]

NATO said there were no reports of civilian casualties, despite the heavy amount of firepower being used. Earlier, Afghan Defense Ministry spokesman Gen. Zahir Azimi, citing intelligence reports, said 89 suspected Taliban militants and an uncertain number of civilians had been killed during two days of fighting in Panjwayi district. It was not immediately possible to gain independent confirmation of the casualty reports, as the government has ordered vehicles off the roads leading to Panjwayi. A NATO statement said its troops reported dozens of insurgents killed during fighting Saturday, the first day of the operation. It said many more have been wounded, and a significant number arrested.^[2] The tough military action has brought with it a risk of civilian deaths.^[3]

The insurgency is going through its bloodiest period since U.S.-backed forces overthrew a Taliban government in late 2001 after it refused to hand over Al-Qaeda chief Osama bin Laden following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. More than 2,000 people, most of them militants, along with scores of civilians and aid workers as well as hundreds of Afghan security personnel have been killed so far in 2006, while over 100 foreign troops have died, including those killed in the plane crash on September 2, 2006.^[2]^[4]

At least twelve Canadian soldiers have died in combat in the campaign, five during the major combat operations, five in bombings and two in a mortar/rpg attack during the reconstruction phase of the operation. 14 British troops were also killed when their plane crashed. In addition, one American soldier was killed during the major combat operations.^[5]

1 Background
2 Timeline
3 Result
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Background

NATO forces believe this area to be a Taliban stronghold. It was previously assaulted in the Battle of Panjwaii during the summer of 2006, but Taliban forces quickly re-asserted their presence after the operation ended.

The operation involves most of the Canadian Forces' combat troops in Afghanistan, which provided the bulk of the force there, including troops from 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment. Dutch and Danish soldiers were also involved, as well as hundreds of Afghan soldiers. The Dutch Army used the PzH 2000 howitzer as fire support.

[edit] Timeline

While supporting the operation a British Nimrod MR2 reconnaissance aircraft crashed, killing all fourteen on board. This represented the largest single fatal incident involving British troops in Afghanistan. The UK Ministry of Defence believes the crash was not the result of hostile action.^[6]

Stronger than expected resistance was put up by the Taliban forces there, whom NATO expected to simply retreat. Instead, they prepared for the decisive engagement, deciding to take advantage of the defensively-advantageous ground of the district, and laid traps for the coming NATO troops. The NATO troops have yet to achieve their objective, that being to capture a grouping of villages known as Pashmul, due to the fight offered by the Taliban holed up there.

According to NATO, the offensive led to the killing, in the first two days, of around 200 Taliban fighters and the arrest of another 80. Warplanes and artillery pounded Taliban fighters hiding in orchards on the second day. Four Canadian soldiers also were killed and nine were wounded in the intense fighting. Explosions echoed across grape and pomegranate fields and clouds of dust rose amid the greenery and dried-mud houses of the Panjwayi district, which is about 12 miles from Kandahar city. After Operation Medusa started, authorities in Kandahar warned people not to travel off the main highway in the province, which leads into Panjwayi. The road was blocked by soldiers — not far from where bombing was taking place. Some military Humvees were parked nearby. Observers reported that 180 Taliban fighters managed to escape the district.

On the third day there was a friendly fire incident. U.S. warplanes mistakenly strafed Canadian troops fighting Taliban forces killing one soldier and wounding 30, 5 of whom were seriously wounded. NATO said the friendly fire incident happened after ground troops battling Taliban militants requested air support. "Two USAF aircraft provided the support but regrettably engaged friendly forces during a strafing run, using cannons," NATO said in a statement. NATO later identified the planes as US A-10 Thunderbolt II.

The fourth day saw more bombing raids. U.S. artillery and air strikes killed at least 51 suspected Taliban militants. Maj. Scott Lundy said earlier that an estimated 700 militants were "trapped" in an area spanning several hundred square miles in Panjwayi and Zhari districts, some in fortified compounds, others moving in the open. Also on the fourth day, first reports of civilian casualties emerged with people saying that at least 10 civilians from the same family were killed in the bombing since the start of the operation.

On the fifth day U.S. artillery and air strikes continued pounding Taliban positions killing another 40 fighters who tried to break through NATO lines and escape. Forward observers reported that the Taliban fighters that remain have entrenched themselves and were ready for a fight. Five soldiers were wounded in a mortar attack on a Canadian patrol.

The next two days there was a lull in fighting. But it flared up again on September 8 2006. Ground combat renewed and in the fighting on the 8th and 9th September another 40 Taliban fighters and one American soldier were killed. "We are engaging with everything from direct fire to artillery and air strikes," an official with the NATO-led ISAF said. Three insurgent positions, a bomb-making factory, and a weapons cache were destroyed, and ISAF troops occupied parts of Panjwayi and Zhari districts. "Afghan and ISAF troops have reopened Highway 1 to civilian traffic and will maintain a patrolling presence to ensure civilians can travel the route in increased safety," ISAF said.

Late on September 9, 2006 the fighting started up again and lasted until morning of the 10th. NATO said 94 militants were killed in both Panjwayi and neighboring Zhari districts. Late on the 10th insurgents staged a counterattack which led to the killing of another 92 militants.

The next four days there was virtually no fighting with NATO reporting that the Taliban has fled. NATO troops, however, found a large number of booby traps left behind by the Taliban. On September 14, the 11th day of the operation, troops began moving ahead in to Taliban controlled areas of Pashmula. As the hours unfolded evidence of the Taliban's presence mounted: 50 kilograms of nitrogen, dozens of batteries, rocket-propelled grenades, ammunition, tunnels and bunkers. Meanwhile, connections to drug trafficking were evident at the compound. NATO and Afghan soldiers must check every building and scour every inch of ground before victory can be declared and residents are allowed to return to their homes along a greenbelt of the Arghandab River. "Caution is the name of the game today," Major Geoff Abthorpe said Wednesday as the day began. "Slow is smooth, and smooth is fast." As NATO troops forge ahead again today, they'll be on the lookout for Taliban fighters. The insurgents had showed a stronger-than-expected resistance, but it now appears they've fled their stronghold, which some had suspected would serve as a last stand. Many Canadian soldiers were excited and had anxiety because they were worried that the Taliban managed to flee to fight another day. But at the days end an Afghan interpreter with the Canadian troops reported that he heard radio chatter from the Taliban, and that they were saying about pulling together in a spot to dig in and fight.

But the Taliban didn't dig in. Instead some 400 heavily armed Taliban crossed into the western Farah province, taking control of its Gulistan district after chasing away the police and burning the district headquarters and a local clinic on September 14, 2006. NATO announced the operation over on September 17, 2006. They said that the operation was a success in destroying the Taliban force that was massing near Kandahar, and the Taliban have been driven from both Panjwayi and Zhari districts of Kandahar province.^[7]

[edit] Result

A day after NATO declared victory a suicide bomber in Panjwayi district of Kandahar province killed 4 Canadian soldiers while they were on a security patrol. While the operation was going on, in other attacks by the Taliban, in the same period, 4 American and 4 British soldiers were killed along with dozens of Afghan soldiers and police, and dozens of civilians.

Military operations of Operation Medusa did not stop on September 17 though. The seventeenth was the date that the major combat of the operation ended. After that the next phases of operation Medusa began which included reconstruction of infrastructure and roadways, combined with efforts to help the local people return home and link the regional economy to the rest of the country.

On 6 October 2006 anonymous commanders from five NATO countries, were demanding their governments "get tough" with Pakistan over the alleged support and sanctuary the Pakistani Interservices Intelligence (ISI) provided to the Taliban during operation Medusa.^[8]

Despite the end of combat operations, heavy fighting continued in the area. In the last week of October 2006, dozens of civilians were reported killed in ISAF operations. A local council member was quoted as stating, "The government and the coalition told the families that there are no Taliban in the area any more. If there are no Taliban, then why are they bombing the area?"^[9]