Ontario Northland Railway

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Ontario Northland Railway

Reporting marks	ONT
Locale	Northern Ontario
Dates of operation	1902 – present
Track gauge	4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) (standard gauge)
Headquarters	North Bay, Ontario

A pair of Ontario Northland diesels work in Hearst, in 2003.

The Ontario Northland Railway (ONR, AAR reporting marks ONT, ONTA) is a Canadian railway and provincial Crown corporation. Its north-south mainline has a southern terminus at North Bay, passing through Cochrane, and a northern terminus at Moosonee, on the south shore of James Bay - all in its namesake province of Ontario. An east-west secondary mainline connects Calstock (near Hearst) with Cochrane and a line extends from Swastika (south of Cochrane) into the neighbouring province of Quebec where it terminates at Rouyn-Noranda. The railway's forty kilometres of track in Quebec are operated by a subsidiary, the Nipissing Central Railway.

Originally built to develop the Lake Timiskaming and Lake Nipissing areas, this railway soon became a major factor in the economic growth of the province. After decades of hard construction through the Canadian Shield it reached James Bay in 1932. While blasting the route through the shield, geologists discovered vast deposits of valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper and nickel. The railway also made it possible to exploit the vast timber resources of Northern Ontario. The importance of the ONR is witnessed by the vast increase in mineral exploration and exploitation, giving rise to the valuable mining stocks on the Toronto Stock Exchange and indirectly leading to Southern Ontario's economic boom during the 1970s.

1 History 1902-1946
2 History 1946-2005
3 Passenger trains
4 Buses
5 Fleet
6 Freight services
7 Locomotives and rolling stock
8 Facilities
9 Ontario Northland Transportation Commission
10 See also
11 References
12 External links

[edit] History 1902-1946

The railway was incorporated as the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway on March 17, 1902, by an act of the Ontario parliament, the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act. The railway was to be a provincial Crown corporation overseen by the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission. Construction on the railway started in 1903, and reached New Liskeard, in the Lake Timiskaming area, by 1905. As it passed by Long Lake, near the 103 mile marker, the largest silver rush in Canada was sparked by workers looking for trees for railway ties. The town of Cobalt, Ontario grew out of the fortunes of silver taken from the grounds. The railway reached Englehart in 1906, and Cochrane in 1909. In the next few years, several branch lines were built.

In 1921, construction on a line north to James Bay was started. In 1923, the new Conservative premier of Ontario, Howard Ferguson, halted further construction, stating that it would be unprofitable. For four years the terminus of the line remained at Fraserdale, near Abitibi Canyon, where a hydroelectric dam was being built on the Abitibi River. Between 1928 and 1930 the railway was extended north at a slow pace. The pace of construction was quickened in 1930 as a make-work project due to the depression. The extension to James Bay was opened on July 15, 1932. The terminus of the railway was at a point at the mouth of the Moose River near the old trading post of Revillon Frères. It was named Moosonee, from the Cree meaning "at the moose".

A name change for the railway was first proposed in 1942 by Arthur Cavanagh, who was chairman of the commission between 1940 and 1944. He noted that it would have the advantage of associating the railway with the province, not just with the District of Timiskaming. A name change would also avoid confusion with the Texas and New Orleans Railway, which had the same initials. The Ontario railway would often have boxcars misdirected in the United States, while receiving invoices that should have gone to Texas. The railway's name was changed to the Ontario Northland Railway on April 5, 1946, when a bill amending the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act received assent.

[edit] History 1946-2005

Three new mines were opened in Northern Ontario in the 1950s and 1960s. Sherman Mine in Temagami was opened in 1955, Adams Mine in Kirkland Lake in 1963, and Kidd Creek Mine in Timmins in 1967. The Ontario Northland Railway built spurs to serve these mines.

In 1991, ONR acquired some buses from the sale of Gray Coach by Stagecoach Group.

In 1993, CN applied to abandon sections of its underused former National Transcontinental Railway mainline across northern Ontario (it had previously abandoned the portion of the line between Calstock and Nakina in 1988). The portion between Calstock and Cochrane was sold to ONR.

In December 2000, the Ontario government announced that it would be privatising the railway. CN submitted a bid in March 2002, and in October the government gave them exclusive rights to negotiate a purchase of the railway. However, the deal fell through on July 2, 2003, over the government's insistence on job guarantees, and the railway remains in public hands. On February 25, 2005, CN and ONR signed a routing agreement in which ONR would transport CN's freight traffic that travels between Noranda and either Hearst or North Bay.

[edit] Passenger trains

Ontario Northland is best known for the daily Polar Bear Express train which runs from Cochrane to Moosonee, bringing tourists six days a week during the summer months. The train leaves Cochrane in the morning, stays for a few hours in Moosonee and returns in the evening. Although polar bears are rarely seen in Moosonee, the trip allows you to experience and discover aboriginal culture and rail history. Stops for Polar Bear Express:

Cochrane
Moosonee

There is also a mixed freight/passenger train officially called the "Little Bear" but generally referred to as the "regular train". The mixed train transports passengers as well as supplies to Moosonee and the train will stop along its route to pick up or drop off canoeing and hunting parties as one of the last flag stop train service in North America. It operates three times per week in each direction. Stops for Little Bear freight and passenger train:

Cochrane
Fraserdale
Otter Rapids
Moose River
Moosonee

The "Northlander" is another ONR passenger train which runs partly on CN tracks from Toronto to Cochrane via North Bay. The Northlander makes one trip per day in each direction six days a week. ONR regular service stops at the following stations:

Toronto
Washago
Gravenhurst
Bracebridge
Huntsville
South River
North Bay
Temagami
Cobalt
New Liskeard
Englehart
Matheson
Cochrane

"Dream Catcher Express" stops:

North Bay
Temagami

[edit] Buses

Ontario Northland also operates bus services and parcel between Toronto (from Yorkdale GO Terminal) and locations in Central and Northern Ontario.

ONR bus service (Route 1 and 2) stops at the following stations:

Toronto
Yorkdale
Iroquois Falls
Cochrane
Smooth Rock Falls
Kapuskasing
Hearst
Orillia
Gravenhurst
Bracebridge
Port Sydney
Huntsville
North Bay
Temagami
Coldwater
Port Severn
Mactier
Washago
Novar
Emsdale
Burk's Falls
Sundridge
South River
Trout Creek
Powassan
Azilda
Chelmsford
Dowling
Levack
Cartier
Cobalt
Haileybury
New Liskeard
Swastika
Earlton
Englehart
Kirkland Lake
Ramore
Matheson
Val Gagne
Gogama
South Porcupine
Timmins

[edit] Fleet

General Motors Diesel FP7
General Motors Diesel GP38-2
General Motors Diesel SD40-2
General Motors Diesel FP7A
General Motors Diesel SD75I
Montreal Locomotive Works RS10 / 10s
Montreal Locomotive Works RS2
Montreal Locomotive Works RS3
Montreal Locomotive Works S4
American Locomotive Company S2
American Locomotive Company RS2
Hawker Siddeley Canada corrugated coach
PM-class coach
Budd dome coach
Budd lounge car
Budd lunch counter car
EMD F7B locomotive
Werkspoor locomotive
MCI D4500
MCI 102A2
MCI MC9
MCI MC5A
MCI MC7
MCI MC8
MCI 102A3
MCI 102C3
MCI 102D3

[edit] Freight services

Connections with other railway systems are made as follows:

North Bay (CN and Ottawa Valley Railway which connects to CP)
Hearst (CN)
Rouyn-Noranda (CN)

[edit] Locomotives and rolling stock

The railway currently owns around 25 diesel locomotives, and roughly 700 items of rolling stock. One of its more unusual pieces of rolling stock is a canoe car, which is in service in the summer, as part of the Little Bear passenger train. The car can hold up to eighteen canoes. Canoeists can put their canoe on this car as part of their baggage. It is the only known train car specifically designed for transporting canoes and kayaks.

In 1977, the railway purchased four Trans-Europe Express train sets retired from the Dutch railways and Swiss railways, for use on its Northlander train. However, the experiment was not entirely successful. The locomotives were scrapped in 1984, although the passenger cars survived until the early nineties.

Many passenger cars used on ONR trains today are former single level GO Transit cars that were extensively refurbished after being used for commuter service around Toronto.

In 2004, Ontario Northland purchased ten passenger cars including dome cars from BC Rail and has used some of them on the Polar Bear Express service between Cochrane and Moosonee.

[edit] Facilities

North Bay Yard
Cochrane Yard
Temagami Work Shed

[edit] Ontario Northland Transportation Commission

Ontario Northland building in North Bay

The Ontario Northland Transportation Commission was established as the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Commission in 1902 to oversee the railway. In 1946, with the name change to the railway, the name of the commission was changed to the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission. The use of the word "transportation" instead of "railway" in the commission's name reflected a new, expanded mandate for the commission.

In 1937, the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway Act was amended, enabling the Commission to operate buses, trucks, and aeroplanes in order to carry passengers and freight. By 1938 the Commission had acquired 11 buses. In 1945, the Commission acquired the Temagami and the Nipissing Navigation Companies. Legislation in 1946 allowed the Commission to acquire, construct, and operate boats, as well as hotels, tourist resorts, and restaurants. In 1960 it purchased a trucking firm, Star Transfer.

The railway is still operated today by the commission, which still runs various other transport enterprises, including a bus coach services along the Toronto-North Bay-Timmins-Hearst and Toronto-Sudbury-Timmins corridors, and a telephone and telecommunications company (Ontera). The commission is an agency of the Ontario government and is used to promote development in northern Ontario.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Barnes, Michael (2005). RIDE THE POLAR BEAR EXPRESS-Visiting Moosonee and Moose Factory. Renfrew, Ontario: General Store Publishing House. ISBN 1-896182-48-8.
Tucker, Albert (1978). Steam Into Wilderness. Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, Don Mills, Ontario. ISBN 0-88902-444-8.
Surtees, Robert (1992). The Northern Connection: Ontario Northland Since 1902. Captus Press, Toronto. ISBN 0-921801-83-1.
Smith, Douglas N. W. (2004). A Century of Travel On The Ontario Northland Railway. Smith, Douglas N. W.. ISBN 0-9730521-1-2.
http://www.cn.ca/news/newsreleases/2005/en_News20050225.shtml. Retrieved March 25, 2005.