October 27, 1997 mini-crash
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The October 27, 1997 mini-crash is the name of a global stock market crash that was caused by an economic crisis in Asia (a.k.a "Asian flu"). The points loss that the Dow Jones Industrial Average suffered on this day still ranks as the third biggest points loss in its 110-year existence. The crash halted trading of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange for the first time ever.
This crash is considered a "mini-crash" because the percentage loss was relatively small compared to some other notable crashes, and, after the "mini-crash", the markets remained positive for 1997.
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[edit] Synopsis
The crash started overnight in Asia as Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index plummeted 6%. However, the most widely watched Asian market, Japan's Nikkei 225, only fell 2% on the day. The losses spread to the European markets where London's FTSE 100 Index fell 98.90 points, or just about 2%, to 4,871.30. Frankfurt's DAX index fell sharply as well.
The U.S. markets were widely expected to open lower for the day. The Dow, NASDAQ, and S&P 500 all sank, never going to positive territory. At 2:36 P.M., the Dow smashed through its first trading curb halt when it fell 350 points. Trading was halted for 30 minutes. When trading started again at 3:06 P.M., stocks continued their immense slide eventually pushing the Dow through the NYSE's second trading curb at 550 points and ending trading for the day at 3:35 P.M.
The second halt in trading is usually an hour timeout, but since there was only 25 minutes left in trading for the session the New York Stock Exchange had no choice but to take the controversial action of closing the Exchange early.
Nasdaq trading went on until 4:00 P.M as usual.
[edit] By the numbers
[edit] Controversial halts
The reason why this action was so controversial is because when the Dow went through its first trading curb at 350 points, the loss in the Dow only equated to 4.54%, not nearly enough to justify halting trading. One must also consider the fact that the Dow has fallen more than 4.5% on eleven different occasions between 1945 and 1997. Currently, the New York Stock Exchange sets the curbs at 10, 20, and 30%, and determines how much 10, 20, and 30% exactly is in point terms by where the Dow finishes at the end of the quarter.
[edit] Closing time
By the end of the day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted 554.26 points, or 7.18%, to 7,161.15. This was the 12th biggest percentage loss and 3rd biggest points loss on record. The NASDAQ Composite fell 7%, or 115.41 to 1,535.51. The S&P 500 fell 64.63, or 6.86%, to 877.01.
Several stock market analysts saw this crash as a "correction" to the overheated markets, which had doubled in value in 30 months. Even though this crash put the Dow down 12% from its all-time high of 8,259 on August 6, it still remained up from 1997's start level of 6,448.27.
Volume also hit a record high. New York Stock Exchange volume topped 695 million shares, outstripping the previous record of 680 million shares traded on July 16, 1996. In today's terms, this would be considered extremely light volume. $663 billion in market capitalization was wiped out.
[edit] October 28
U.S. stock markets were widely expected to open lower for October 28 due to the Asian markets falling even more than they did on the 27th. Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index declined a staggering 14%. The Nikkei fell 4.26%.
The U.S. stock markets initially continued their drop from the 27th, but abruptly turned sharply higher. The Dow was down as much as 186 points by 10:06 A.M., and soon thereafter a rally started.
By 10:20 A.M. The Dow was down only 25 points. Five minutes later, the Dow roared back into positive territory and was up 50 points. Nine minutes later at 10:34 A.M., the Dow rallied to a triple-digit advance up 137.27 points. Stock prices continued to soar in choppy trading throughout the rest of the day. At the close of trading at 4:00 P.M., the Dow finished with a record 337.17 point gain (recovering 61% of the previous days loss) to close at 7,498.32. The market restored $384 billion of the $663 billion in market capitalization lost the previous day.
One billion shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange for the first time ever, with a volume of 1.21 billion shares. In 2005 terms, this amount is considered very light.
The NASDAQ Composite also made a record gain on record volume, gaining 67.93 to 1,603.02. The NASDAQ also saw its first-ever one-billion share day with 1.23 billion shares changing hands.
[edit] Other massive losses and sharp rebounds
This was not the first time the market has a massive losses followed by a sharp recovery. Here are a few other instances:
- Stock Market Crash of 1929 - The Dow falls a total of 23% for October 28 and 29; then makes a sharp 12.84% rebound on the 30th. However, over the next several years the stock market fell dramatically.
- October 13 and 16, 1989 - The Dow plunges 190.50 points, or 6.9% on October 13, 1989 then rebounds 88 points on the 16th.
- Black Monday, October 19, 1987 and October 20 - The Dow suffers the biggest percentage loss in recorded stock market history on October 19 and initially continues its plunge on the 20th. The markets rally sharply in the afternoon and the Dow posts its first triple-digit gain in its history.
