Oberon class submarine

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Oberon-class
HMS Opportune
General Characteristics
Displacement:	2030t/2400t
Dimensions:	295ft x 26.6ft x 18ft (90m x 8.1m x 5.5m)
Armament:	8-21" (533mm) TT (6 bow, 2 stern. 24 torpedoes) Later equipped to use Harpoon
Propulsion:	2 shafts, two 3680bhp (2.7MW) Admiralty Standard Range diesel generators, two 12000hp (8.9MW) English Electric main motors
Speed:	surfaced/submerged 12kts/17kts (22km/h/31km/h)
Range:	9,000 nautical miles (17,000km) at 12kts (22km/h)
Complement:	62 ^[1]

The Oberon-class was a thirteen-ship class of diesel-electric submarines of the Royal Navy, and were based on the successful Porpoise-class submarine. The Oberons were far more successful in the export market than their predecessor, with fourteen boats being operated by Australia (HMAS Oxley, Otway, Onslow, Ovens, Orion and Otama), Brazil, Canada (HMCS Ojibwa, Okanagan, Onondaga, Olympus and Osiris), Egypt and Chile.

1 Design
2 Service
3 Surviving examples
4 Footnotes
5 External links

[edit] Design

The class differed from the Porpoises in that they had fibre-glass in the casing and other additional improvements helped the class become even more silent than the Porpoises. Additional new electronics and weapons, including in 1970 the Mk24 Tigerfish torpedo. The RAN and RCN O-boats were upgraded to fire American Mk48 torpedoes. The Canadian Oberons also used the NT-37 torpedo before the Mk48 was introduced. The Australian boats were later updated to be equipped with the subsonic anti-ship Harpoon missile. HMAS Ovens was only the second conventional submarine in the world - and the first Oberon - to fire a sub-surface launched Harpoon missile. Consequently, the boat's designation changed from SS to SSG. This occurred off the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 1985, where the target was successfully hit from over the horizon. Like the previous Porpoises, the Oberons were far quieter than their American counterparts. They performed remarkably well in clandestine operations, performing surveillance and inserting special forces, vital during their heyday in the Cold War. These operations were primarily carried out by the British across arctic Europe; the Canadians across the arctic Pacific; and the Australians throughout south-east Asia and as far north as the Sea of Japan.

The Oberons were arguably the best conventional submarine class of its time, with an astonishing reputation for quietness that allowed it to exist into the 21st century until replaced by newer classes such as the Collins- and Victoria-classes in Australia and Canada respectively. In fact, the ability of the O-boats to run in total silence enabled Australian submarines to successfully attack USS Enterprise in a training exercise, despite a huge number of supporting ships 'protecting' it.

[edit] Service

The first of the class to be commissioned into the Royal Navy was Orpheus in 1960, followed by the nameship in 1961. The last to be commissioned was Onyx in 1967. Six were commissioned between 1967 and 1978 for the RAN. In 1982, HMS Onyx took part in the Falklands War, the only conventional submarine of the RN to do so, landing members of the SBS. All Oberons in service, including boats exported, have now been decommissioned; the last RN boats were decommissioned in 1993, with the final Canadian and Australian Oberons decommissioned in 2000.

Helm Station

[edit] Surviving examples

As of 2006, six Oberons have survived, five as complete examples. Two ships have now become museum ships in the UK. HMS Onyx has now moved to Barrow-in-Furness after the museum at Birkenhead, Merseyside closed, where another Falklands veteran, HMS Plymouth, has remained. The other boat, HMS Ocelot, is located at Chatham. HMAS Ovens and HMAS Onslow, Australian Oberons, are also museum ships. The former is located at the Western Australian Maritime Museum at Fremantle, while the latter is located at the Australian National Maritime Museum in Darling Harbour, Sydney. The outer hull and tail section of HMAS Otway are preserved on land at Holbrook, NSW. HMS Otus is harboured in Sassnitz, Germany on the island of Rügen and can be visited.