Noetherian topological space

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In mathematics, a Noetherian topological space is a topological space in which closed subsets satisfy the descending chain condition. Equivalently, we could say that the open subsets satisfy the ascending chain condition, since they are the complements of the closed subsets. It can also be shown to be equivalent that every open subset of such a space is compact, and in fact the seemingly stronger statement that every subset is compact.

1 Definition
2 Interplay with Noetherian condition and compactness
3 Noetherian topological spaces from algebraic geometry
4 Example
5 See also

[edit] Definition

A topological space $X$ is called noetherian if it satisfies the descending chain condition for closed subsets: for any sequence

$Y_1 \supseteq Y_2 \supseteq \cdots$

of closed subsets $Y i$ of $X$ , there is an integer $m$ such that $Y_m=Y_{m+1}=\cdots.$

[edit] Interplay with Noetherian condition and compactness

There is a lot of interplay between the noetherian condition and compactness:

Every noetherian topological space is quasi-compact.
A topological space $X$ is Noetherian if and only if every subspace of $X$ is compact. (i.e. $X$ is hereditarily compact)

Note that if $R$ is a noetherian ring, then Spec $(R)$ , the prime spectrum of $R$ , is a noetherian topological space.

[edit] Noetherian topological spaces from algebraic geometry

Many examples of Noetherian topological spaces come from algebraic geometry, where for the Zariski topology an irreducible set has the intuitive property that any closed proper subset has smaller dimension. Since dimension can only 'jump down' a finite number of times, and algebraic sets are made up of finite unions of irreducible sets, descending chains of Zariski closed sets must eventually be constant.

A more algebraic way to see this is that the associated ideals defining algebraic sets must satisfy the ascending chain condition. That follows because the rings of algebraic geometry, in the classical sense, are Noetherian rings. This class of examples therefore also explains the name.

[edit] Example

The space $\mathbb{A}^n_k$ (affine $n$ -space over a field $k$ ) under the Zariski topology is an example of a noetherian topological space. By properties of the ideal of a subset of $\mathbb{A}^n_k$ , we know that if

$Y_1 \supseteq Y_2 \supseteq Y_3 \supseteq \cdots$

is a descending chain of Zariski-closed subsets, then

$I(Y_1) \subseteq I(Y_2) \subseteq I(Y_3) \subseteq \cdots$

is an ascending chain of ideals of $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n].$ Since $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ is a noetherian ring, there exists an integer $m$ such that

$I(Y_m)=I(Y_{m+1})=I(Y_{m + 2})=\cdots.$

But because we have a one-to-one correspondence between radical ideals of $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ and Zariski-closed sets in $\mathbb{A}^n_k$ we have $V (I (Y i)) = Y i$ for all $i .$ Hence