Nitrosyl chloride
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| Nitrosyl chloride | |
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| General | |
| Systematic name | Nitrosyl chloride |
| Other names | Nitrogen oxychloride Nitrosonium chloride |
| Molecular formula | ClNO |
| Molar mass | 65.46 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow gas, red liquid |
| CAS number | [2696-92-6] |
| SMILES | O=N(Cl) |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | liq: 1.417 g/cm3 (-12 °C) gas: 2.99 g/L |
| Solubility in water | decomposes |
| Other solvents | chlorocarbons |
| Melting point | -59.6 °C (? K) |
| Boiling point | -6.4 °C (? K) |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | sp2 at N |
| Dipole moment | 1.90 D |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | highly toxic |
| NFPA 704 | |
| R/S statement | R: ? S: ? |
| RTECS number | ? |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | IR 1800 (νNO), 596, 332 cm-1 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | NO NOHSO4 NOBF4 SNCl |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Nitrosyl chloride is the chemical compound NOCl. It is a yellow gas that is most commonly encountered as a decomposition product of aqua regia, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. It is the mixed acid anhydride of HCl and nitrous acid. NOBr, nitrosyl bromide, is also known.
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[edit] Structure and synthesis
Although its formula is written NOCl, the structure is better represented ONCl. A double bond exists between N and O (distance = 1.16 Å) and a single bond between N and Cl (distance = 1.69 Å). The O-N-Cl angle is 113°.[1]
NOCl can be prepared by the direct combination of chlorine and nitric oxide. Alternatively, nitrosylsulfuric acid and HCl also affords the compound:
- HCl + NOHSO4 → NOCl + H2SO4
It also arises from the combination of hydrochloric and nitric acids according to the following reaction:[2]
- HNO3 + 3 HCl → Cl2 + 2 H2O + NOCl
[edit] Reactions
- NOCl reacts with halide acceptors to give the nitrosyl cation, [NO]+. This species is available as NOBF4.
- NOCl reacts with water to release HCl.
- Heating NOCl above 100 C gives back Cl2 and NO.
- In organic synthesis, NOCl is often employed. It adds to alkenes to afford α-chloro oximes.[3]
[edit] Safety
NOCl is toxic and irritating to the lungs.
[edit] References
- ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ^ L. J. Beckham, W. A. Fessler, M. A. Kise. "Nitrosyl Chloride". Chemical Reviews 48: 319-396. DOI:10.1021/cr60151a001.
- ^ Ohno, M,; Naruse, N.; Terasawa, I. " 7-cyanoheptanal" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 5, page.266 (1973). (addition of NOCl to cyclooctene)
