New Journalism
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New Journalism was the name given to a style of 1960's and 1970's news writing and journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time. The term was codified with its current meaning by Tom Wolfe in a 1973 collection of journalism articles he published as The New Journalism, which included works by himself, Truman Capote, Hunter S. Thompson and others.
Articles in the New Journalism style tended not to be found in newspapers, but rather in magazines such as The New Yorker, New York Magazine, Esquire Magazine, CoEvolution Quarterly and for a short while Scanlan's Monthly.
Wolfe identified the four main devices New Journalists borrowed from literary fiction [1]:
- Telling the story using scenes rather than historical narrative as much as possible
- Dialogue in full (Conversational speech rather than quotations and statements)
- Third-person point of view (from inside the head of a character)
- Recording everyday details (which indicates the status of character's lives)
Despite these elements, New Journalism is not fiction. It maintains elements of reporting including strict adherence to factual accuracy and the writer being the primary source. To get "inside the head" of a character, the journalist asks the subject what they were thinking or how they felt.
Wolfe unwittingly published his first New Journalism-style article in 1963 after having trouble writing an assignment about hot rod culture and sending his editor a letter containing his thoughts on the article. The editor chose simply to remove the salutation from Wolfe's letter and print it as received. Wolfe's letter had the original title There Goes (Varoom! Varoom!) That Kandy-Kolored (Thphhhhhh!) Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby (Rahghhh!) Around the Bend (Brummmmmmmmmmmmmmm).... The title was later contracted to The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby and became the title of Wolfe's first book of collected essays, published in 1965. Wolfe once proclaimed that New Journalism “would wipe out the novel as literature's main event” [2].
Journalists recognised as using the style include Norman Mailer, Joan Didion, Truman Capote, P. J. O'Rourke, George Plimpton, Terry Southern and Gay Talese. Hunter S. Thompson was a major practitioner of new journalism and Gonzo journalism, his own spin-off. Thompson's first book, Hells Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, is a more conventional piece, and uses the first person only to provide information on the Hells Angels. His later work, such as Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, focus more on his own experiences and emotions.
New journalism writers brought new approaches to areas already covered by the mainstream press. The psychedelic movement was something that many of the writers of the period covered, such as in Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. The Vietnam War was another common topic, as was the political turmoil on the homefront. Terry Southern's Grooving in Chi documented the 1968 Chicago National Democratic Convention for Esquire Magazine in new journalism manner. New journalism's techniques were also applied to less obvious subjects, such as financial markets (by George Goodman under the pseudonym Adam Smith, originally published in New York Magazine and later collected in a book called The Money Game.)
Some authors of conventional fiction switched to writing in the style of new journalism, such as Truman Capote's In Cold Blood, and Norman Mailer's Armies of the Night.
[edit] Further reading
- Fact & Fiction, John Hollowell
- New Journalism, Tom Wolfe, ISBN 0-06-047183-2
- The New Journalism, Michael L Johnson
- The New Journal, Yale University. Publication since 1967, publishing works of New Journalism.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- The Kentucky Derby is decadent and depraved by Hunter S. Thompson
- "The New Journalism," by Tom Wolfe, edited by Wolfe and E.W. Johnson, New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
