Nepenthes classification

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Nepenthes rajah

Several attempts have been made to classify Nepenthes below genus rank, highlighting relationships between the individual species and hinting at their evolutionary lineage. In 1928 Danser divided Nepenthes into six clades. Eight years later, Harms revised the taxonomical work of Danser, dividing Nepenthes into three sub-genera. The following is one possible taxonomic classification of the Nepenthes genus, revised from Danser (1928) and Harms (1936) to include many newly-discovered species. Certain taxa have been grouped together to show more specific inter-species relationships (e.g. N. anamensis is grouped with N. mirabilis). Additionally, species directly adjacent to each other in these groups are generally considered more closely related (e.g. N. rigidifolia is thought to be more similar to N. bongso than to N. spathulata and vice versa), otherwise they are listed in alphabetical order.

Note: most scientists today do not consider this classification to be completely accurate, especially in terms of genetic relationships. For example, N. ampullaria and N. bicalcarata are usually not considered to be closely related.

Subgenus Anurosperma Hook.f. (1873)

N. pervillei Blume (1852)

Subgenus Mesonepenthes Harms (1936)

N. madagascariensis Poiret (1797)
N. masoalensis Schm.-Holl. (1977)

N. paniculata Danser (1928)

Subgenus Eunepenthes Hook.f. (1873)

Clade Distillatoriae Harms (1936)

N. distillatoria Linne (1753)

N. neoguineensis Macf. (1928)

N. tomoriana Danser (1928)

Clade Urceolatae Danser (1928)

N. ampullaria Jack (1835)

N. bicalcarata Hook.f. (1873)

Clade Vulgatae Danser (1928)

N. vieillardii Hook.f. (1873)

N. thorelii Lecomte (1909)

N. smilesii Hemsl. (1895)

N. papuana Danser (1928)

N. khasiana Hook.f. (1873)

N. albomarginata Lobb & Li. (1849)

N. danseri Jebb & Cheek (1997)
N. gracilis Korthals (1839)
N. reinwardtiana Miguel (1852)
N. tobaica Danser (1928)
N. mikei Salmon & Maulder (1995)
N. angasanensis Maulder, Salmon, Schub. & Quinn. (1999)

N. eustachya Miq. (1858)
N. alata Blanco (1837)
N. copelandii Merr. ex Macf. (1908)
N. saranganiensis Kurata (2003)
N. philippinensis Macf. (1908)
N. mindanaoensis Kurata (2001)

N. anamensis Macf. (1908)
N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce (1916)
N. rowanae Bail. (1897)

Clade Montanae Danser (1928)

N. aristolochioides Jebb & Cheek (1997)

N. macfarlanei Hemsley (1905)

N. rhombicaulis Kurata (1973)

N. gymnamphora Nees. (1824)
N. pectinata Danser (1928)
N. xiphioides Salmon & Maulder (1995)

N. rigidifolia Akhriadi, Hernawathi & Tamin (2004)
N. bongso Korth. (1839)
N. carunculata Danser (1928)
N. ovata Nerz & Wistuba (1994)
N. densiflora Danser (1940)
N. diatas Jebb & Cheek (1997)
N. singalana Beccari (1886)
N. spathulata Danser (1935)
N. adrianii Batoro, Wartono, Jebb et al. (2006)
N. junghuhnii Macf. (1917)

N. hamata Turnb. & Middl. (1984)
N. tentaculata Hook.f. (1873)
N. murudensis Culham (1994) (Putative hybrid origin: N. reinwardtiana × N. tentaculata)
N. muluensis Hotta (1966)