Neighbor Discovery Protocol

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Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6 is defined in the RFC2461. It replaces the Address Resolution Protocol used with IPv4.

It defines mechanisms for solving the following problems:

  1. Router Discovery: hosts can locate routers residing on link.
  2. Prefix Discovery: hosts can discover address prefixes for the link.
  3. Parameter Discovery
  4. Address Autoconfiguration: configuration of addresses for an interface.
  5. Address Resolution: mapping from IP address to link-layer address.
  6. Next-hop Determination
  7. Neighbor Unrechability Detection (NUD): determine that a neighbour is no longer reachable on the link.
  8. Duplicate Address Detection (DAD): allows a node to check whether a proposed address is already in use.
  9. Redirect: router can inform node about better first-hop.

It makes use of the following five ICMPv6 packet types in its implementation.

  1. Router Solicitation
  2. Router Advertisement
  3. Neighbor Solicitation
  4. Neighbor Advertisement
  5. Redirect
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