Native American Contributions
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Contents |
[edit] A
abstract art- Abstract art was used by nearly all tribes and civilizations of North and South America. Native American art was believed to be primitive until the 1990s, when it served as inspiration for the modern American abstract art movement.
adobe- Adobe was used by the peoples from South America, Mesoamerica, and up to Southwestern tribes of the U.S. It is estimated that it was developed around the year 3000 B.C.
almanacs- Almanacs were invented independently by the Maya. Their culture arose and they began using them around 3,500 years ago, while Europeans are known to have created written almanacs only after 1150 A.D. Almanacs are books containing meteorological and astronomical information, which the Maya used in various aspects of their life.
anesthetics- American Indians used coca, peyote, datura and other plants for partial or total loss of sensation or conscious during surgery. Non-Indian doctors had effective anesthetics only until the mid 1800s. Before this, they either had to perform surgery while the patient felt pain or knock the patient out.
[edit] B
balls, rubber- The Olmec produced rubber balls around 1700 B.C. They were the first people to develop and play with rubber balls as well as manufacture other objects of rubber.
basketball- Basketball was played by the Olmec 3,000 years ago. The game followed the Olmec's creation of the rubber ball. See Mesoamerican ballgame for more information on this ancient sport.
[edit] C
calendars- Were developed by throughout North America, Mesoamerica, and South America. They are known to have been in used since 600 B.C. American Indian calendars were so precise that by the 5th century B.C. they were only 19 minutes off.
chewing gum- American Indians in New England introduced the settlers to chewing gum made from the spruce tree. The Mayans, on the other hand, were the first people to use latex gum; better known to them as chicle.
chocolate- The Mayans were the first to drink cocoa. This tradition was later passed on to the Aztec's who called the beverage xocalatl. Natives in mesoamerica introduced it to the Spanish and Portuguese, but they kept the beloved xocalatl from the rest of Europe for nearly a century.
corn/maize - The domestication of maize, now cultivated throughout the world, is one of the most influential technological contributions of Mesoamericans.
[edit] D
dog breeds- Dog breeds believed to have been bred by Native Americans are the xochiocoyotl (coyote), xoloitzcuintli (known as xolo or Mexican hairless), chihuahua, the Carolina dog, and the Alaskan malamute.
[edit] E
electricity- The Moche invented electricity through chemical means somewhere between 200 B.C. and 600 A.D. Electrical current was produced by dipping copper into an acid solution.
embalming- Egyptians are known for mummification which began around 2000 B.C. In what is know Chile however, the Chinchoro are known to have been embalming and mummifying their dead since 5000 B.C. which would make them the world's earliest embalmers. Embalming is using preservatives to prevent decay of the body.
[edit] F
[edit] G
Geographical Names- Native Americans have had a major impact in names of locations and places commonly used today. There are 26 states in the United States alone whose names derive from Native Americans. Most notable however, are the countries of Canada and Mexico. Names do not limit themselves to political states; there are also mountains, rivers, cities, lakes, and counties deriving from indigenous terms. For a full list see Native American Geographical Names.
[edit] H
hammocks- Hammocks were commonly used in the Caribbean, South and Central America at first contact with Europeans. The Spanish liked the comfortable way of sleeping and adopted them. Europeans eventually used them as the primary way of sleeping on ships.
hockey- Both field hockey and ice hockey are based on a game called shinny. This American Indian stickball game was played throughout North America well before the European arrival.
horse breeds- Appaloosa and Pinto.
[edit] I
[edit] J
[edit] K
[edit] L
llamas- Indigenous people from Peru domesticated llamas in around 5000 B.C.
[edit] M
maiz-
[edit] N
[edit] O
[edit] P
[edit] Q
[edit] R
rubber balloons- The Olmec were the first people to use rubber balloons. Their civilization arose in B.C 1700 in the Yucatan Peninsula.
[edit] S
spinning top- North American Indians invented the spinning top. A device used as a toy and made out of wood.
[edit] T
tipi- A cone shaped, portable dwelling popularized by Native Americans of the Great Plains. Tipis were warm, durable and comfortable and could be easily broken down and packed. A settlement could be ready to move in about one hour.
tortillas- this staple food well known today was used throughout Mesoamerican and Southwestern cultures. Although they were mainly made of corn, squash and amaranth were also popular among the natives. The tortillas were wrapped around different fillings such as avocado. Today this has resulted in the creation of the modern taco, burrito, and enchilada.
[edit] References
- Keoke/Porterfield. Encyclopedia Of American Indian Contributions To The World.New York, NY: Facts On File, 2002.
