Nationaltheater Mannheim
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The present National Theatre Mannheim ( Nationaltheater Mannheim), which dates from 1957, is a theatre and opera company in Mannheim, Germany with a variety of performance spaces. However, as the oldest local theatre in Germany, the National Theatre celebrated its 225th Birthday on 7 October 2004.
The idea of first building the original National Theatre developed after the suggestion of Elector Palatine Carl Theodor, and the first theatre opened in 1779.
In the past three hundred years an important part of the history of German theatre and music history was written both in the original theatre and in Mannheim where new artistic styles were developed and refined in theatre, music and dance. Thus it reflects the tradition of many of the major names of the German arts such as Friedrich Schiller and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
In terms of the history of the company, it must be noted that Friedrich Schiller’s first major drama, Die Räuber (The Robbers) was given its inaugural performance in 1782 in presence of the poet at the National Theatre. The response was overwhelming: “the theatre resembled a lunatic asylum, rolling eyes, clenched fists, ramming feet, hoarse proclamations in the auditorium! Strange humans fell onto each other locked together…." .
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[edit] Performance venues
The venues of the present-day theatre consist of:
- Opera House with 1,200 seats, used primarily for opera, operetta, and ballet
- Schauspielhaus with 800 seats, used for small presentation such as chamber music and theatre.
- Schnawwl, the youth and children’s theatre
Opera House and Schauspielhaus are two theatres under one roof, they share common foyers and other facilities.
[edit] Theatre and other festivals
The Schillertage, the biannual festival of Schiller’s plays, which has existed since 1979, selects a group of productions for the Mannheim festival presented both on the Theatre’s mainstage (plus an experimental series of plays elsewhere). In the past, the main stage series has featured multiple productions of Schiller's early play, Die Räuber (The Robbers) (in addition to a production of Verdi's opera based on that play, I masnadieri), plus Intrigue and Love, and his later plays William Tell (1804) (the basis for Rossini's opera of the same name in 1829) and The Maid of Orleans/Die Jungfrau von Orleans, some of which became part of Tchaikovsky's opera.
[edit] Music at the National Theatre
Mannheim was home to the so-called Mannheim School of 18th century classical composers. It was reputed to have one of the best court orchestras in Europe and, for more than 200 years, the Mannheim School had been recognized by musicians all over the world. Johann Stamitz and his pupil and successor Christian Cannabich made the Mannheim Court Orchestra one of the best in the world. In the 18th century this excellent court ensemble attracted many outstanding musicians. Thus numerous famous soloists came to Mannheim to work as composers as well as pedagogues.
[edit] History since 1900
By the early Nineteenth Century, disagreements between the Grand-Duchy of Baden and the City on Mannheim over the financing of the theatre finally resulted in a ministerial order in April 1839 that the responsibility for running the theatre be handed over to the City of Mannheim, and thus it became the first locally-administered theatre in Germany.
Following the destruction of the theatre and parts of the city of Mannheim in September 1943, ten years were to pass before an architectural competition for a new theatre was proposed. The original design, while still considered a classic of modern theatre architecture, was not used. Instead, between 1955 and 1957 a new theatre building was constructed at Goethe Place (not in the same location as the original National Theatre) utilizing the designs of the architect Gerhard Weber. The new National Theatre building was inaugurated in 1957 with simultaneous productions of Carl Maria von Weber’s Der Freischütz in the Opera House and (fitting for its reflection of the Theatre’s early history) Schiller’s The Robbers in the Schauspielhaus. In 1979, the Youth and Children’s Theatre ensemble (Schnawwl) was set up with its main theatre space being the converted from an old fire station on the Mannheimer Neckarstadt.
[edit] Administration and Musical Performances in the present century
At the beginning of the 21st century the National Theatre has revived the “Manheim Tradition” with the inauguration of the International Orchestra Academy in Mannheim. Experts in the field of historic instruments and performance and musicians from the orchestra of the National Theatre will work with young musicians and music students. They will teach the special stylistic requirements of orchestral playing in the 18th century.
From September 2000 Adam Fischer was General Music Director of National Theater Mannheim and he completed his term in July 2005 with a performance of Götterdämmerung. During his tenure Fischer made the theater one of the best interpreters of Mozart in Europe. He started two major projects in Mannheim, one the Mannheim Mozart Week, the other the Mannheim School, a summer seminar for young people from all over the world.
Highlighting works by Mozart, the National Theater focused on his music and performed many of his works including unknown pieces composed for the Mannheim Orchestra. Overall, Adam conducted two or three new productions each year including the Mannheim Ring cycle. The four productions were produced separately in 2000, then Adam conducted 9 cycles over 5 years.
Fischer’s successor Frédéric Chaslin took over in 2005.
