National Vanguard (Italy)

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The National Vanguard (Italian: Avanguardia Nazionale) is a name that has been used for at least two right wing groups in Italy.

The original National Vanguard was a far right movement formed as a breakaway group from the Italian Social Movement by Stefano Delle Chiaie in 1960. The Vanguard rejected the parliamentary route of the Social Movement, preferring instead to work outside the political system to subvert democracy and bring about a return to fascism. Members of the movement were frequently denounced as terrorists and it was claimed that Della Chiaie had links to bomb making concerns in Spain. The group also had close links with Ordine Nuovo and other extremist groups. Vincenzo Vinciguerra was a notorious member of the group.

A second group bearing this name was set up in 1970 by Adriano Tilgher, but this movement was outlawed by the Italian government, who saw it as an attempt to refound the Fascist Party.

A magazine entitled Avanguardia continues to be published sporadically and claims to be the official organ of the National Vanguard, although the movement remains illegal in Italy.