National Socialist Movement of Chile
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Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile was a political movement in Chile that initially supported the ideas of Adolf Hitler, although later moved towards a more indigenous form of fascism.
The movement was formed in April 1932 General Diaz Valderrama, Carlos Keller (the main ideologue of the group) and Jorge González von Marées, who became leader. The party initially followed the ideas of Nazism closely, stressing anti-Semitism. It received financial support from the German population of Chile and soon built up a membership of 20,000 people. The movement stressed what it saw as the need for one party rule, corporatism and solidarity between classes, and soon set up its own paramilitary wing.
However support for Hitler was later abandoned, with von Marées claiming by the late 1930s that the use of the name 'national socialist' had been an error on his part. Anti-semitism was also scaled back, with a more domestic form of fascism being offered instead.
In September 1938 the group attempted a coup, although this was a failure and was ruthlessly put down at the Massacre of Seguro Obrero. The movement did continue however under the name of Vanguardia Popular Socialista (from 1939) although it failed to have any impact, and it was disbanded in 1941 whilst von Marées was interned.
