National Congress of the Communist Party of China

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The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党全国代表大会; pinyin: Zhōnguó Gòngchǎndǎng Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì) is a party congress that is held about once every five years. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Communist Party of China, but in practice decisions are made before the meeting.

The National CPC Congress should not be confused with the National People's Congress which is the legislature of the People's Republic of China. In contrast with the NPC which has become more assertive since the 1990s, the National Congress of the CPC has shown no signs of having any real power. In addition the National Congress should not be confused with the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Since the establishment of PRC, the Conferences have occurred approximately every five years and since 1956, they have always taken place in the capital, Beijing. Each Conference lasted for five to ten days.

Each Congress's name is abbreviated in Chinese as the number of the Conference, followed by character da (大), short for dahui (大会 "conference"). For example, the sixteenth Conference, Zhōnguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dìshíliùcì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì (中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会), is shortend to Shíliù Dà (十六大 "sixteenth da").

[edit] List of Congresses

  1. 1st Congress (Yi da) (一大)
    • Delegates: 12
    • Party members: 50
    • Significance: The first platform (綱領) of the Party passed; Mao Zedong attends (as Hunan representative); Chen Duxiu becomes first leader of CPC "Secretariat"; attended by two Comintern representatives (during Shanghai meetings)
  2. 2nd Congress (Er Da) (二大)
    • Delegates: 12
    • Represented party members: 195
    • Significance: Mao Zedong absent from Congress; Party continues purging anarchists, tries to maintain an independent stance from Sun Yat-Sen's Kuomintang (KMT)
  3. 3rd Congress (San Da) (三大)
    • Delegates: ~30
    • Represented party members: 420
    • Significance: CPC formally ratifies the "bloc within" strategy of cooperation with the KMT as demanded by the Comintern
  4. 4th Congress (Si Da) (四大)
    • Delegates: 20
    • Represented party members: 994
    • Significance: CPC Party Center continues efforts to bring semi-independent regional Party branches under its control
  5. 5th Congress (Wu Da) (五大)
    • Delegates: ~80
    • Represented party members: 579
    • Significance: Congress followed Chiang Kai-shek's crackdown on Communists in Shanghai, elsewhere; CPC continues to "support the KMT Left and oppose the KMT Right"
  6. 6th Congress (Liu Da) (六大)
    • Delegates: 84
    • Alternate delegates: 34
    • Represented party members: ?
    • Significance: First and only Party Congress held outside China (due to Chiang's anti-CPC crackdown ); sanctioned creating armed forces controlled by CPC but still to be used "under the KMT flag."; Mao Zedong absent, stays in China at Jinggangshan
  7. 7th Congress (Qi Da) (七大)
    • Delegates: 544
    • Alternate delegates: 208
    • Represented party members: 121
    • Significance: Party constitution (黨章) is passed; National flag designed (?). CPC "Chairman" Mao Zedong is named undisputed leader of CPC; Mao's "thought" enshrined in CPC Party Constitution for first time.
  8. 8th Congress (Ba Da) (八大)
    • Delegates: 1,026
    • Alternate delegates: 107
    • Represented party members: 10,730,000
    • Significance: 1st Congress in 11 years; Mao's "Thought" is taken out of CPC Party Constitution; Party technocrats Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping assume even higher profiles.
  9. 9th Congress (Jiu Da) (九大)
    • Delegates: 1,512
    • Represented party members: 22,000,000
    • Significance: Held at height of the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," Mao's Party is decimated from infighting; People's Liberation Army (PLA) influence on Party administration pronounced; few members appointed to power during the previous Party Congress survive the 9th Congress politically; former State Chairman and second-ranking Liu Shaoqi (arrested 1966) and former CPC General Secretary Deng Xiaoping labelled "traitorous scabs and renegades"; Defense Minister Lin Biao becomes CPC Vice Chairman and Mao's "closest comrade-in-arms"; Mao's "thought" reinserted into CPC Party Constitution
  10. 10th Congress (Shi Da) (十大)
    • Delegates: 1,249
    • Represented party members: 28,000,000
    • Significance: "Gang of Four" led by Mao's wife Jiang Qing reach paramount power; first CPC Congress after US President Richard Nixon's visit to PRC.
  11. 11th Congress (Shiyi Da) (十一大)
    • Delegates: 1,510
    • Represented party members: 35,000,000
    • Significance: 1st Party Congress following Mao's death, the fall of the Gang of Four; Deng Xiaoping reinstated to all of his previous posts
  12. 12th Congress (Shi'er Da) (十二大)
    • Delegates: 1,600
    • Alternate delegates: 149
    • Represented party members: 39,650,000
    • Significance: Central Committee (中央委员会), CAC, and Central Regulation and Inspection Committee (中央紀律檢查委員會) were created; CPC Party Chair position abolished, CPC General Secretary position becomes (on paper) paramount position; former CPC leader Hua Guofeng loses formal power (except his Central Committee membership) as Hu Yaobang, not Hua, gives keynote Party address
  13. 13th Congress (Shisan Da) (十三大)
    • Full delegates: 1,936
    • Specially invited delegates: 61
    • Represented party members: 46,000,000
    • Significance: Deng Xiaoping and all other "Second Generation" CPC leaders retire from active positions in the Party (again, on paper); "Third Generation" members (led by Zhao Ziyang) dominate the CPC Politburo Standing Committee
  14. 14th Congress (Shisi Da) (十四大)
    • Full delegates: 1,989
    • Specially invited delegates: 46
    • Represented party members: 51,000,000
    • Significance: 1st Party Congress after the "Tiananmen Square Protests" of June, 1989; Jiang Zemin's position as CPC General Secretary, Chairman of the (CPC) Central Military Commission ratified; Hu Jintao makes first appearance on Politburo Standing Committee
  15. 15th Congress (Shiwu Da) (十五大)
    • Full delegates: 2,074
    • Specially invited delegates: 60
    • Represented party members: 59,900,000
    • Significance: 1st Party Congress following death of Deng Xiaoping, PRC reassuming control over Hong Kong; Jiang Zemin forces party rival Qiao Shi to retire; Inclusion of Deng Xiaoping's philosophy into Party constitution.; Jiang Zemin announced plans to sell, merge, or close the vast majority of SOEs in a program which included some privatization
  16. 16th Congress (Shiliu Da) (十六大)
    • Full delegates: 2,114
    • Specially invited delegates: 40
    • Represented party members: 66,000,000
    • Significance: Hu Jintao elected General Secretary; "Fourth Generation" of CPC Leadership assumes control of PRC; Jiang Zemin packs the CPC Politburo Standing Committee with supporters, holds on to CPC CMC Chair; Jiang's "Three Represents" theory enshrined in CPC Constitution

[edit] External links

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