National Book Award
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The National Book Awards is one of the most preeminent literary prizes in the United States. Started in 1950, the awards are presented annually to American authors for literature published in the prior year, as well as lifetime achievement awards including the "Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters" and the "Literarian Award". The purpose of the awards is "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America." In 1988 the National Book Foundation was established which now oversees and manages the National Book Awards.
Awards are in each of four categories: fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and young people's literature. The awards have historically been in various other categories, many of which have been retired or subsumed into other categories.
The winners are selected in each category by an independent, expert and volunteer five-member judging panel. Panels typically look at and read hundreds of books in each category. A chair from each panel announces the runners-up and winner during the "The National Book Awards Ceremony and Dinner" held each year in November. The winner receive a $10,000 cash prize and a crystal sculpture, runners-up each receive $1,000.
[edit] Winners of the National Book Awards
[edit] Current categories
[edit] Fiction
[edit] Nonfiction
| 1950 | Ralph L. Rusk | Ralph Waldo Emerson (article on Ralph Waldo Emerson) |
| 1951 | Newton Arvin | Herman Melville (article on Herman Melville) |
| 1952 | Rachel Carson | The Sea Around Us |
| 1953 | Bernard A. De Voto | The Course of Empire |
| 1954 | Bruce Catton | A Stillness at Appomattox |
| 1955 | Joseph Wood Krutch | The Measure of Man |
| 1956 | Herbert Kubly | An American in Italy |
| 1957 | George F. Kennan | Russia Leaves the War |
| 1958 | Catherine Drinker Bowen | The Lion and the Throne (article on Edward Coke) |
| 1959 | J. Christopher Herold | Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame De Stael |
| 1960 | Richard Ellmann | James Joyce (article on James Joyce} |
| 1961 | William L. Shirer | The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich |
| 1962 | Lewis Mumford | The City in History: Its Origins, its Transformations and its Prospects |
| 1963 | Leon Edel | Henry James, Vol. II: The Conquest of London, Henry James, Vol. III: The Middle Years |
| 1984 | Robert V. Remini | Andrew Jackson & the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845 (article on Andrew Jackson) |
| 1985 | J. Anthony Lukas | Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families |
| 1986 | Barry Lopez | Arctic Dreams |
| 1987 | Richard Rhodes | The Making of the Atom Bomb |
| 1988 | Neil Sheehan | A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (article on John Paul Vann) |
| 1989 | Thomas L. Friedman | From Beirut to Jerusalem |
| 1990 | Ron Chernow | The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance |
| 1991 | Orlando Patterson | Freedom |
| 1992 | Paul Monette | Becoming a Man: Half a Life Story |
| 1993 | Gore Vidal | United States: Essays 1952-1992 |
| 1994 | Sherwin B. Nuland | How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter |
| 1995 | Tina Rosenberg | The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism |
| 1996 | James P. Carroll | An American Requiem: God, My Father, and the War that Came Between Us |
| 1997 | Joseph J. Ellis | American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson |
| 1998 | Edward Ball | Slaves in the Family |
| 1999 | John W. Dower | Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II |
| 2000 | Nathaniel Philbrick | In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex |
| 2001 | Andrew Solomon | The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression |
| 2002 | Robert A. Caro | Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson |
| 2003 | Carlos Eire | Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy |
| 2004 | Kevin Boyle | Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age |
| 2005 | Joan Didion | The Year of Magical Thinking |
| 2006 | Timothy Egan | The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl |
[edit] Poetry
See: National Book Award for Poetry
| 2006 | Nathaniel Mackey | Splay Anthem | |
| 2005 | W. S. Merwin | Migration: New & Selected Poems | |
| 2004 | Jean Valentine | Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965-2003 | |
| 2003 | C.K. Williams | The Singing | |
| 2002 | Ruth Stone | In the Next Galaxy | |
| 2001 | Alan Dugan | Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry | |
| 2000 | Lucille Clifton | Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988-2000 | |
| 1999 | Ai | Vice: New & Selected Poems | |
| 1998 | Gerald Stern | This Time: New and Selected Poems | |
| 1997 | William Meredith | Effort at Speech: New & Selected Poems | |
| 1996 | Hayden Carruth | Scrambled Eggs & Whiskey | |
| 1995 | Stanley Kunitz | Passing Through: The Later Poems | |
| 1994 | James Tate | A Worshipful Company of Fletchers | |
| 1993 | A. R. Ammons | Garbage | |
| 1992 | Mary Oliver | New & Selected Poems | |
| 1991 | Philip Levine | What Work Is | |
| 1990 | No Award | ||
| 1989 | No Award | ||
| 1988 | No Award | ||
| 1987 | No Award | ||
| 1986 | No Award | ||
| 1985 | No Award | ||
| 1983 | Charles Wright | Country Music: Selected Early Poems | |
| 1983 | Galway Kinnell | Selected Poems | |
| 1982 | William Bronk | Life Supports: New and Collected Poems | |
| 1981 | Lisel Mueller | The Need to Hold Still | |
| 1980 | Philip Levine | Ashes | |
| 1979 | James Merrill | Mirabell: Book of Numbers | |
| 1978 | Howard Nemerov | The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov | |
| 1977 | Richard Eberhart | Collected Poems, 1930-1976 | |
| 1976 | John Ashbery | Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror | |
| 1975 | Marilyn Hacker | Presentation Piece | |
| 1974 | Adrienne Rich | Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972 | |
| 1974 | Allen Ginsberg | The Fall of America: Poems of these States, 1965-1971 | |
| 1973 | A. R. Ammons | Collected Poems, 1951-1971 | |
| 1972 | Howard Moss | Selected Poems | |
| 1972 | Frank O'Hara | The Collected Works of Frank O'Hara | |
| 1971 | Mona Van Duyn | To See, To Take | |
| 1970 | Elizabeth Bishop | The Complete Poems | |
| 1969 | John Berryman | His Toy, His Dream, His Rest | |
| 1968 | Robert Bly | The Light Around the Body | |
| 1967 | James Merrill | Nights and Days | |
| 1966 | James Dickey | Buckdancer's Choice: Poems | |
| 1965 | Theodore Roethke | The Far Field | |
| 1964 | John Crowe Ransom | Selected Poems | |
| 1963 | William Stafford | Traveling Through the Dark | |
| 1962 | Alan Dugan | Poems | |
| 1961 | Randall Jarrell | The Woman at the Washington Zoo | |
| 1960 | Robert Lowell | Life Studies | |
| 1959 | Theodore Roethke | Words for the Wind | |
| 1958 | Robert Penn Warren | Promises: Poems, 1954-1956 | |
| 1957 | Richard Wilbur | Things of This World | |
| 1956 | W.H. Auden | The Shield of Achilles | |
| 1955 | Wallace Stevens | The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens | |
| 1954 | Conrad Aiken | Collected Poems | |
| 1953 | Archibald MacLeish | Collected Poems, 1917-1952 | |
| 1952 | Marianne Moore | Collected Poems | |
| 1951 | Wallace Stevens | The Auroras of Autumn | |
| 1950 | William Carlos Williams | Paterson: Book III and Selected Poems |
[edit] Young People's Literature
| 1996 | Victor Martinez | Parrott In the Oven: MiVida |
| 1997 | Han Nolan | Dancing on the Edge |
| 1998 | Louis Sachar | Holes |
| 1999 | Kimberly Willis Holt | When Zachary Beaver Came to Town |
| 2000 | Gloria Whelan | Homeless Bird |
| 2001 | Virginia Euwer Wolff | True Believer |
| 2002 | Nancy Farmer | The House of the Scorpion |
| 2003 | Polly Horvath | The Canning Season |
| 2004 | Pete Hautman | Godless |
| 2005 | Jeanne Birdsall | The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy |
| 2006 | M.T. Anderson | The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Vol. I |
[edit] Previous categories
In 1964, the categories Arts and Letters, History and Biography & Science, Philosophy and Religion categories had the addendum (Nonfiction).
In 1981, Children's Books, Fiction was called Children's Book, Fiction; and in 1983 it was called Children's Fiction.
In 1981, Children's Books, Non-fiction was called Children's Book, Nonfiction.
In 1983 Children's Books, Picture Books was called Children's Books, Picture Books.
[edit] First Novel
| 1980 | William Wharton | Birdy |
| 1981 | Ann Arensberg | Sister Wolf |
| 1982 | Robb Forman Dew | Dale Loves Sophie to Death |
| 1983 | Gloria Naylor | The Women of Brewster Place |
[edit] First Work of Fiction
| 1984 | Harriet Doerr | Stones for Ibarra |
| 1985 | Bob Shacochis | Easy in the Islands |
[edit] Science Fiction
| 1980 Hardcover | Frederik Pohl | Jem |
| 1980 Paperback | Walter Wangerin, Jr. | The Book of the Dun Cow |
[edit] Mystery
| 1980 Hardcover | John D. MacDonald | The Green Ripper |
[edit] Western
| 1980 | Louis L'Amour | Bendigo Shafter |
[edit] Original Paperback
| 1983 | Lisa Goldstein | The Red Magician |
[edit] General Nonfiction
| 1980 Hardcover | Tom Wolfe | The Right Stuff |
| 1980 Paperback | Peter Matthiessen | The Snow Leopard |
| 1981 Hardcover | Maxine Hong Kingston | China Men |
| 1981 Paperback | Jane Kramer | The Last Cowboy |
| 1982 Hardcover | Tracy Kidder | The Soul of a New Machine |
| 1982 Paperback | Victor S. Navasky | Naming Names |
| 1983 Hardcover | Fox Butterfield | China: Alive in the Bitter Sea |
| 1983 Paperback | James Fallows | National Defense |
[edit] Arts and Letters
| 1964 | Aileen Ward | John Keats: The Making of a Poet |
| 1965 | Eleanor Clark | The Oysters of Locmariaquer |
| 1966 | Janet Flanner | Paris Journal, 1944-1965 |
| 1967 | Justin Kaplan | Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography |
| 1968 | William Troy | Selected Essays |
| 1969 | Norman Mailer | The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, The Novel as History |
| 1970 | Lillian Hellman | An Unfinished Woman: A Memoir |
| 1971 | Francis Steegmuller | Cocteau: A Biography |
| 1972 | Charles Rosen | The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven |
| 1973 | Arthur M. Wilson | Diderot |
| 1974 | Pauline Kael | Deeper Into Movies |
| 1975 | Roger Shattuck | Marcel Proust |
| 1975 | Lewis Thomas | The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (also won The Sciences award) |
| 1976 | Paul Fussell | The Great War and Modern Memory |
[edit] History and Biography
| 1964 | William H. McNeill | The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community |
| 1965 | Louis Fischer | The Life of Lenin |
| 1966 | Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. | A Thousand Days |
| 1967 | Peter Gay | The Enlightenment, Vol. I: An Interpretation the Rise of Modern Paganism |
| 1968 | George F. Kennan | Memoirs: 1925-1950 |
| 1969 | Winthrop D. Jordan | White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 |
| 1970 | T. Harry Williams | Huey Long |
| 1971 | James MacGregor Burns | Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom |
| 1976 | David Brion Davis | The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 |
[edit] History
| 1972 | Allan Nevins | Ordeal of the Union, Vols. VII & VIII: The Organized War, 1863-1864 and The Organized War to Victory |
| 1973 | Robert Manson Myers | The Children of Pride Isaiah Trunk |
| 1973 | Isaiah Trunk | Judenrat |
| 1974 | John Clive | Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian (also won Biography award) |
| 1975 | Bernard Bailyn | The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson (article on Thomas Hutchinson) |
| 1977 | Irving Howe | World of Our Fathers |
| 1978 | David McCullough | The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914 |
| 1979 | Richard Beale Davis | Intellectual Life in the Colonial South, 1585-1763 |
| 1980 Hardcover | Henry A. Kissinger | The White House (Kissinger) |
| 1980 Paperback | Barbara W. Tuchman | A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century |
| 1981 Hardcover | John Boswell | Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality |
| 1981 Paperback | Leon F. Litwack | Been in the Storm so Long: The Aftermath of Slavery |
| 1982 Hardcover | Father Peter John Powell | People of the Sacred Mountain: A History of the Northern Cheyenne Chiefs and Warrior Societies, 1830-1879 |
| 1982 Paperback | Robert Wohl | The Generation of 1914 |
| 1983 Hardcover | Alan Brinkley | Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression |
| 1983 Paperback | Frank E. Manuel & Fritzie P. Manuel | Utopian Thought in the Western World |
[edit] Biography
| 1972 | Joseph P. Lash | Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers |
| 1973 | James Thomas Flexner | George Washington, Vol. IV: Anguish and Farewell, 1793-1799 |
| 1974 | John Clive | Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian (also won History award) |
| 1974 | Douglas Day | Malcolm Lowry: A Biography |
| 1975 | Richard B. Sewall | The Life of Emily Dickinson |
| 1980 Hardcover | Edmund Morris | The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt |
| 1980 Paperback | A. Scott Berg | Max Perkins: Editor of Genius |
[edit] Biography and Autobiography
| 1977 | W. A. Swanberg | Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist |
| 1978 | W. Jackson Bate | Samuel Johnson |
| 1979 | Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. | Robert Kennedy and His Times |
[edit] Autobiography
| 1980 Hardcover | Lauren Bacall | Lauren Bacall by Myself |
| 1980 Paperback | Malcolm Cowley | And I Worked at the Writer's Trade: Chapters of Literary History 1918-1978 |
[edit] Autobiography/Biography
| 1981 Hardcover | Justin Kaplan | Walt Whitman |
| 1981 Paperback | Deirdre Bair | Samuel Beckett |
| 1982 Hardcover | David McCullough | Mornings on Horseback |
| 1982 Paperback | Ronald Steel | Walter Lippmann and the American Century |
| 1983 Hardcover | Judith Thurman | Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller |
| 1983 Paperback | James R. Mellow | Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Time |
[edit] Science, Philosophy and Religion
| 1964 | Christopher Tunnard & Boris Pushkarev | Man-made America |
| 1965 | Norbert Wiener | God and Golem, Inc: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion |
| 1967 | Oscar Lewis | La Vida |
| 1968 | Jonathan Kozol | Death at an Early Age |
[edit] The Sciences
| 1969 | Robert J. Lifton | Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima |
| 1971 | Raymond Phineas Sterns | Science in the British Colonies of America |
| 1972 | George L. Small | The Blue Whale |
| 1973 | George B. Schaller | The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations |
| 1974 | S. E. Luria | Life: The Unfinished Experiment |
| 1975 | Silvano Arieti | Interpretation of Schizophrenia |
| 1975 | Lewis Thomas | The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (also won Arts and Letters award) |
[edit] Science
| 1980 Hardcover | Douglas Hofstadter | Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid |
| 1980 Paperback | Gary Zukav | The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics |
| 1981 Hardcover | Stephen Jay Gould | The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections on Natural History |
| 1981 Paperback | Lewis Thomas | The Medusa and the Snail |
| 1982 Hardcover | Donald C. Johanson & Maitland A. Edey | Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind |
| 1982 Paperback | Fred Alan Wolf | Taking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists |
| 1983 Hardcover | Abraham Pais | "Subtle is the Lord...": The Science and Life of Albert Einstein |
| 1983 Paperback | Philip J. Davis & Reuben Hersh | The Mathematical Experience |
| 1983 Paperback | Joyce Carol Thomas | Marked by Fire |
[edit] Philosophy and Religion
| 1970 | Erik H. Erikson | Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence |
| 1972 | Martin E. Marty | Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America |
| 1973 | S. E. Ahlstrom | A Religious History of the American People |
| 1974 | Maurice Natanson | Edmund Husserl: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks |
| 1975 | Robert Nozick | Anarchy, State, and Utopia |
[edit] Religion/Inspiration
| 1980 Hardcover | Elaine Pagels | The Gnostic Gospels |
| 1980 Paperback | Sheldon Vanauken | A Severe Mercy |
[edit] Contemporary Affairs
| 1972 | Stewart Brand (ed.) | The Last Whole Earth Catalogue |
| 1973 | Frances FitzGerald | Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam |
| 1974 | Murray Kempton | The Briar Patch |
| 1975 | Theodore Rosengarten | All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw |
| 1976 | Michael J. Arlen | Passage to Ararat |
[edit] Contemporary Thought
| 1977 | Bruno Bettelheim | The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales |
| 1978 | Gloria Emerson | Winners & Losers |
| 1979 | Peter Matthiessen | The Snow Leopard |
[edit] Current Interest
| 1980 Hardcover | Julia Child | Julia Child and More Company |
| 1980 Paperback | Christopher Lasch | The Culture of Narcissism |
[edit] General Reference Books
| 1980 Hardcover | Elder Witt (ed.) | The Complete Directory |
| 1980 Paperback | Tim Brooks & Earle Marsh | The Complete Directory of Prime Time Network TV Shows: 1946-Present |
[edit] Translation
| 1967 | Gregory Rabassa | Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch |
| 1967 | Willard Trask | Casanova's History of My Life |
| 1968 | Howard & Edna Hong | Søren Kierkegaard's Journals and Papers |
| 1969 | William Weaver | Italo Calvino's Cosmicomics |
| 1970 | Ralph Manheim | Céline's Castle to Castle |
| 1971 | Frank Jones | Bertolt Brecht's Saint Joan of the Stockyards |
| 1971 | Edward G. Seidensticker | Yasunari Kawabata's The Sound of The Mountain |
| 1972 | Austryn Wainhouse | Jacques Monod's Chance and Necessity |
| 1973 | Allen Mandelbaum | The Aeneid of Virgil |
| 1974 | Karen Brazell | The Confessions of Lady Nijo |
| 1974 | Helen R. Lane | Octavio Paz's Alternating Current |
| 1974 | Jackson Matthews | Paul Valéry's Monsieur Teste |
| 1975 | Anthony Kerrigan | Miguel de Unamuno's The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith |
| 1977 | Li-Li Ch'en | Master Tung's Western Chamber Romance |
| 1978 | Howard Nemerov | Uwe George's In the Deserts of This Earth |
| 1979 | Clayton Eshleman & Jose Rubin Barcia | César Vallejo's The Complete Posthumous Poetry |
| 1980 | William Arrowsmith | Cesare Pavese's Hard Labor |
| 1980 | Jane Gary Harris & Constance Link | Osip E. Mandelstam's Complete Critical Prose and Letters |
| 1981 | Francis Steegmuller | The Letters of Gustave Flaubert |
| 1981 | John E. Woods | Arno Schmidt's Evening Edged in Gold |
| 1982 | Robert Lyons Danly | Higuchi Ichiyo's In the Shade of Spring Leaves |
| 1982 | Ian Hideo Levy | The Ten Thousand Leaves: A Translation of The Man'Yoshu, Japan's Premier Anthology of Classical Poetry |
| 1983 | Richard Howard | Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal |
[edit] Children's Literature
| 1969 | Meindert DeJong | Journey from Peppermint Street |
| 1976 | Walter D. Edmonds | Bert Breen's Barn |
| 1977 | Katherine Paterson | The Master Puppeteer |
| 1978 | Judith & Herbert Kohl | The View From the Oak |
| 1979 | Katherine Paterson | The Great Gilly Hopkins |
[edit] Children's Books
| 1970 | Isaac Bashevis Singer | A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing up in Warsaw |
| 1971 | Lloyd Alexander | The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian |
| 1972 | Donald Barthelme | The Slightly Irregular Fire Engine or The Hithering Thithering Djinn |
| 1973 | Ursula K. Le Guin | The Farthest Shore |
| 1974 | Eleanor Cameron | The Court of the Stone Children |
| 1975 | Virginia Hamilton | M. C. Higgins the Great |
| 1980 Hardcover | Joan Blos | A Gathering of Days: A New England Girl's Journal |
| 1980 Paperback | Madeleine L'Engle | A Swiftly Tilting Planet |
[edit] Children's Books, Fiction
| 1981 Hardcover | Betsy Byars | The Night Swimmers |
| 1981 Paperback | Beverly Cleary | Ramona and Her Mother |
| 1982 Hardcover | Lloyd Alexander | Westmark |
| 1982 Paperback | Ouida Sebestyen | Words by Heart |
| 1983 Hardcover | Jean Fritz | Homesick: My Own Story |
| 1983 Paperback | Paula Fox | A Place Apart |
| 1983 Paperback | Joyce Carol Thomas | Marked by Fire |
[edit] Children's Books, Non-fiction
| 1981 Hardcover | Alison Cragin Herzig & Jane Lawrence | Mali -- Oh, Boy! Babies |
| 1982 | Susan Bonners | A Penguin Year |
| 1983 | James Cross Giblin | Chimney Sweeps |
[edit] Children's Books, Picture Books
| 1982 Hardcover | Maurice Sendak | Outside Over There |
| 1982 Paperback | Peter Spier | Noah's Ark |
| 1983 Hardcover | Barbara Cooney | Miss Rumphius |
| 1983 Hardcover | William Steig | Doctor De Soto |
| 1983 Paperback | Mary Ann Hoberman & Betty Fraser (ill.) | A House is a House for Me |
[edit] Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters
The "Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters" (DCAL) is a lifetime achievement award. The medal comes with $10,000. The recipient is a person who "has enriched American literary heritage over a life of service, or a corpus of work." [1]
- 2006 - Adrienne Rich
- 2005 - Norman Mailer
- 2004 - Judy Blume
- 2003 - Stephen King
- 2002 - Philip Roth
- 2001 - Arthur Miller
- 2000 - Ray Bradbury
- 1999 - Oprah Winfrey
- 1998 - John Updike
- 1997 - Studs Turkel
- 1996 - Toni Morrison
- 1995 - David McCullough
- 1994 - Gwendolyn Brooks
- 1993 - Clifton Fadiman
- 1992 - James Laughlin
- 1991 - Eudora Welty
[edit] Literarian Award
The "Literarian Award" is a lifetime achievement award. It is "presented to an individual for outstanding service to the American literary community, whose life and work exemplify the goals of the National Book Foundation to expand the audience for literature and to enhance the cultural value of literature in America."[2]
- 2006 - Robert B. Silvers and Barbara Epstein
- 2005 - Lawrence Ferlinghetti
[edit] See also
- The Man Booker Prize
- The Commonwealth Writers Prize
- The Prix Goncourt
- The Costa Book Awards, formerly the Whitbread Book Awards
- The Governor General's Award
- Literary festival
