Musketeers of the Guard
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The Musketeers of the Guard (French: Mousquetaires del la Garde) were a fighting company of the military branch of the Maison du Roi, the Kings of France Royal Household.
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[edit] History
They were created in 1622 when Louis XIII furnished a company of light cavalry (the "carabins", created by Louis' father Henri IV) with muskets. The Musketeers fought in battle both on foot (infantry) and on horseback (cavalry). They formed the royal guard for the king while he was outside of the royal residences (within the royal residences, the king's guard was the "Garde du corps" and the "Gardes suisses")
Shortly after their creation, a second company of Musketeers was created for Cardinal Richelieu. At the cardinal's death in 1642, the company passed to his successor Cardinal Mazarin who disbanned the Musketeers in 1646. The Musketeers reappeared in 1657 with a company of 150 men. At Mazarin's death in 1661, the cardinal's Musketeers passed to Louis XIV. The two companies were reorganized in 1664, and one company took the name "Grey Musketeers" ("mousquetaires gris") from the color of their livery, while the second were called "Black Musketeers" ("mousquetaires noirs"). At roughly the same time, the size of the Musketeer companies was doubled.
The Musketeers were the among the most prestigious of the military companies of the Ancien Régime, and in principle the companies were reserved for nobles. With the reforms of Michel le Tellier – which mandated a certain number of years of military service before nobles could attain the rank of officer – many nobles sought to do this service in the privileged Musketeer companies.
In 1776, the Musketeers were disbanded by Louis XVI, for budgetary reasons. Reformed in 1789, they were disbanded again shortly afterward. They were reformed on July 6, 1814, and definitively disbanded on January 1, 1816.
[edit] Composition
- Grey Company
- Black Company
[edit] Uniform
TBD
[edit] Notable Musketeers of the Guard
The following are some of the notable Musketeers:
Fictional
[edit] References
- This article is based in part on the article Mousquetaire from the French Wikipedia, retreived on September 9, 2006.
[edit] See also
- The Three Musketeers (disambiguation), and Alexandre Dumas' classic novel The Three Musketeers
