Muhammad ibn al-Habib
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| <region> scholar Medieval era |
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|---|---|
| Name: | Muhammad ibn al-Habib |
| Birth: | 1876 [citation needed] |
| Death: | 1972 January 10 [citation needed] |
| School/tradition: | Sunni Sufi [citation needed] |
| Influences: | |
| Influenced: | |
Sidi Muhammad Ibn al-Habib al-Filâlî (1876 - January 10, 1972) was a Sufi Islamic teacher, author, and shaykh of the Darqawa tariqa in Morocco.
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[edit] Background
Muhammad ibn al-Habib's ancestors were based in Marrakech, Morocco and he is related to Moulay 'Abdullah Amghar, a descendant of a Sayyid line which goes back to Ali ibn Abi Talib (d.660) and Husayn ibn Ali (d.680). This branch of the family emigrated to Tafilalat and settled there. His father emigrated to Fes, where his descendants still live.
[edit] Life & Education
Muhammad Ibn al-Habib was born in Fes in 1876. At the proper age, he went to the Qur'anic kuttab at Qantara Abu'r-Ru'us where he studied with Sidi al-Hashimi as-Sanhaji, learning Quranic reading, writing and recitation. He also studied with Sidi Ahmad al-Filali in the school of Qasba an-Nawwar and memorised the Qur'an under him. In about 1894, he began studies at the Abu'l-Junud Mosque, studying with Sidi Mahmad al-Irari, concentrating on the Ajrummiyya,[1] the Alfiyya,[2], as-Sullam by Bannani and at-Tirmidhi's Shamā'il.[3]
Then in the Al-Qarawiyyin mosque, he studied Khalil's Mukhtasar[4] with az-Zurqani, Bannani and al-Kharashi with Sidi Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari. He studied the Tuhfa with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tawudi ibn Sawda and the Collection of the Adab of the Teacher and Student by Shaykh Khalil with Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. He studied part of Sahih Bukhari and the Hikam of Ibn 'Ata Allah[5] with Ahmad ibn al-Khayyat az-Zargari.
He studied az-Zaqqaqiyya[6] with the margin which the shaykh himself wrote, with Sidi 'Abdu's'-Salam al-Huwari; the Alfiyya with al-Makudi and al-Muwaddih with Sidi Khalil al-Khalidi; part of the Jami' al-Jawami' and part of the Musnad of Ahmad ibn Hanbal with Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Kittani; Khalil's Mukhtasar, a summary of the Mukhtasar as-Sa'd, and part of Tawhid al-Murshid with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran with Sidi J. Muhammad Fatha Junun.
From Moulay 'Abdullah ibn Idris al-Badrawi, he learned Sahih Bukhari, part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, al- Isti'ara of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran, and part of the Hamziyya by al-Busiri with the commentary of Ibn Hajar. He learned part of Khalil's Mukhtasar, ash-Shifa' by Qadi Abu'l-'l-Fadl 'Iyad as-Sibti and part of al-Murshid al-Mu'in by Mayyara from Sidi Hammad as-Sanhaji. He also studied al-Murshid al-Mu'in from Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman al-Filali.
[edit] Teachings
He stopped his studies in 1901 and began voluntary instruction at the Qasba an-Nawwar mosque, teaching al-Murshid al-Mu'in, Khalil's Mukhtasar, the Muwatta of Imam Malik, as-Sanusiyya, and tafsir. He continued to undertake the tasks of his educational and secondary work until he emigrated to Meknès in 1936. There he continued his scholarly activity by giving lessons in the Zaytuna mosque on tafsir and fiqh using the Risala of al-Qayrawani,[7] and in tasawwuf using the Hikam, al-Murshid al-Mu'in, the ash-Shifa of Qadi 'Iyad, as-Sullam by Bannani, and the Alfiyya by al-Makudi.
[edit] His Ijazah & Journeys
Shaykh Sidi Badru'd-din ad-Dismishqi gave him a written ijazah in Damascus and he also received one from the Qadi of Tlemcen, Sidi Abu Shu'ayb, and oral ijazahs from Ahmad ibn al-Jilali al-Amghari, and Sidi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi Bannani. In 1931 he went to the Hijaz for hajj and met with many scholars, including Shaykh Bakhit al-Muti'i and Shaykh as-Simaluti. In Syria he met Tawfiq al-Ayyubi and Badur'd-din ad-Dimishaqi. Later he travelled to Algiers and met Sidi Muhammad ibn Jalul and Sidi Ahmad in Blida, and Sidi Muhammad al-Qadi in the Oujda area. While there, he gave lessons on Sahih Bukhari and al-Murshid al-Mu'in with the commentary of Shaykh at-Tayyib ibn Kiran.
He left the Isma'ili capital, Meknès, in the company of his wives, intending to performing a third hajj in 1972, but died in Blida on January 10, 1972. He was buried in the same day in the Darqawi zawiya which he himself had inaugurated.[8] On January 31 of the same year he was re-buried at Darb al-Pasha (Meknès), in his zawiya near the Zaytuna mosque.
[edit] His Intellectual Legacy
He wrote:
- A diwan (collection of poetry or prose) called The Desire of the Travelling Murids and the Gift of the Wayfaring Gnostics. It has been published at least twice in Morocco, once in England which saw a number of reprints, and then a recent completely new edition by Madinah Media (http://www.madinahmedia.com).
- A commentary on the Hafidha of Sidi Muhammad al'Arabi al-'Alawi al-Madghari which contains supplications of the Prophet Muhammad, ayat of Qur'an and some of the Shadhili hizbs.
- A commentary on the Salat al-Mashishiyya.
- Several qasidas (polythematic poems) about tasawwuf, good character, praise of Allah, praise of the Prophet and religious admonitions.
[edit] Notes
Prose contains specific citations in source text which may be viewed in edit mode.
- ^ The quite famous precis of grammar by Ibn Ajurrūm al-Sanhaji (d.1323)
- ^ A grammar treatise in "a thousand" verses by Jamal al-din Ibn Malik (d.1274)
- ^ Shamā'il al-rasūl ("The Beautiful Characteristics of the Prophet"), by al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d.898)
- ^ "Precus" of Maliki law written by Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi (d.1365)
- ^ The Hikam (Sentences), written by Ibn 'Ata'llah, the third great master of the Shadili, who died in Cairo in 1310
- ^ A didactic poem on Maliki law by Abu'l Hasan Ali al-Tujibi (d.1506)
- ^ A treatise on Maliki law by Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (d.996)
- ^ That was in the Belqasim al-Wizri Street in Blida
