Monowice
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Monowitz (also called Monowice or Auschwitz III) is a subcamp or one of the three main camps of Nazi extermination camp Auschwitz. It was established in October 1942, in Poland.
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[edit] The camp and its purpose
Monowitz was originally established to be a labour camp. There, the Buna-Werk factory owned by the IG Farben Company was opened to exploit slave labor for the organization and the Nazis. Monowitz was also used to provide housing for the prisoners who were assigned to work in the factory, and eventually became the largest labor camp operating in Auschwitz. Prisoners in Monowitz often produced synthetic rubber and liquid fuel in the factory. The IG Farben company invested more than 700 million Reichmarks (which was about 1.4 billion U.S. dollars during 1942), in Monowitz. Monowitz also had a Labor Education Camp for non-Jewish prisoners who were thought to have violated German labour laws.
[edit] Separation from the Auschwitz extermination camp
In November 1943, the SS declared that the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) and Auschwitz III (Monowitz) camps would become separate concentration camps. SS Capitan Heinrich Schwartz was appointed commandant of Monowitz from November 1943 to January 1945.
[edit] Liberation of the camp
In January 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Monowitz and liberated almost 7,000 prisoners, most of whom were close to death.
[edit] See also
- The Holocaust
- Final Solution
- Auschwitz concentration camp
- Extermination camp
- List of concentration camps of Nazi Germany
