Mollymawk

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iMollymawk
Thalassarche melanophris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae Genus: Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853
Species
T. chlororhynchos T. carteri T. bulleri T. cauta T. eremita T. salvini T. impavida T. chrysostoma T. melanophris
Synonyms
Diomedea (partim)

The mollymawks are a group of medium sized albatrosses that form the genus Thalassarche. The name has sometimes been used for the genus Phoebetria as well, but these are correctly called sooty albatrosses. They are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, where they are the most common of the albatrosses. They were long considered to be in the same genus as the great albatrosses, Diomedea, but a study of their mitochondrial DNA (Nunn et al., 1996) showed that they are a monophyletic taxon related to the sooty albatrosses, and they were placed in their own genus.

Mollymawks have what has been described as gull-like plumage, with dark black backs, mantle and tails and lighter heads, underwings and bellies. The heads of several species are often slightly darker grey, or have dark around the eyes. The bills of mollymawks are either brightly coloured orange or yellow, or dark with several bright yellow lines.

The name mollymawk was coined in the 17th century from the German rendering of the Dutch Mallemugge, which meant mal - follish and mok - gull.^{[citation needed]}

Genus Thalassarche - mollymawks

• Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross T. chlororhynchos
• Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross T. carteri
• Buller's Albatross T. bulleri
• Shy Albatross T. cauta
• Chatham Albatross T. eremita
• Salvin's Albatross T. salvini
• Campbell Albatross T. impavida
• Grey-headed Albatross T. chrysostoma
• Black-browed Albatross T. melanophris

The fossil species Thalassarche thyridata known from a skull fragment from the Late Miocene of Victoria, Australia shows that the genus had already diverged from the sooty albatrosses 10 mya (Nunn et al., 1996).

[edit] References

• Nunn, Gary B.; Cooper, John; Jouventin, Pierre; Robertson, Chris J. R. & Robertson Graham G. (1996): Evolutionary relationships among extant albatrosses (Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae) established from complete cytochrome-b gene sequences. Auk 113(4): 784-801. PDF fulltext