Molly Yard
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Mary Alexander "Molly" Yard (July 6, 1912–September 21, 2005) was a American feminist of the late 20th century, who, through service as an assistant to Eleanor Roosevelt in the middle of the century and later work as a U.S. administrator, social activist, and feminist who served as National Organization for Women (NOW)'s eighth president from 1987 to 1991, connected first with second-wave feminism.
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[edit] Early life
Yard was born in Chengdu, Sichuan province, China, the daughter of Methodist missionaries. She graduated in 1933 from Swarthmore College, a coeducational college that was also the alma mater of Alice Paul. While at Swarthmore, she led a successful drive to eliminate the sorority system after a Jewish student was denied admission to the sorority to which Yard belonged, Kappa Alpha Theta. In 1938, Yard married Sylvester Garrett, a union that lasted until his death in 1996.
[edit] Early career and politics
She became active in Democratic Party politics and in the late 1940s and early 1950s worked with the Clark-Dilworth team to unseat the entrenched city machine in Philadelphia. Two years later, Yard worked for the Helen Gahagan Douglas campaign for the U.S. Senate against Richard Nixon in California.
She moved to Pittsburgh in 1953 and worked in the gubernatorial campaign of Mayor David L. Lawrence in 1958. She also headed the Western Pennsylvania presidential campaigns of John F. Kennedy in 1960 and George McGovern in 1972; headed the unsuccessful campaign to get NAACP President Byrd Brown the Democratic nomination to Congress; and was co-chairman with Mayor Joseph M. Barr of the unsuccessful U.S. Senate campaign of Jeannette Reibman in 1976.
Yard made an unsuccessful run for the state legislature as a candidate from the city's 14th Ward in 1964.
In addition to her political work, she helped found Americans for Democratic Action, America's oldest independent liberal lobbying organization, and the Pittsburgh's 14th Ward Independent Democratic Club. She was also the organization secretary and national chairwoman of the American Student Union.
[edit] Activities in the National Organization of Women
She became active in NOW while a resident of Squirrel Hill in 1974, and she joined the national staff in 1978 during the campaign to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, serving as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. She raised more than $1 million in less than six months for that drive.
A prime architect of NOW's political and legislative agenda, she was a senior staff member of the NOW Political Action Committee from 1978 to 1984. As NOW's political director from 1985 to 1987, she was instrumental in the successful 1986 campaign to defeat anti-abortion referendums in Arkansas, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Oregon.
In April 1989, she helped to carry the banner for the March for Women's Equality/Women's Lives, which drew 600,000 marchers to Washington in support of abortion rights and the ERA.
Ms. Yard defeated Noreen Connell in the 1987 NOW election. Upon taking office she vowed to make the organization more visible and to work to defeat President Reagan's nomination of Judge Robert H. Bork to the U.S. Supreme Court. Bork's nomination was ultimately rejected by the U.S. Senate.
The membership of NOW grew by 110,000 during the years of her presidency and its annual budget increased 70 percent, to more than $10 million.
As NOW president, she opposed U.S. involvement in the Persian Gulf War, saying Americans should not be fighting for "clan-run monarchies" in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia that denied women's rights.
Also in 1991, Yard was honored in Paris by the French Alliance of Women for Democratization for her work on reproductive rights; she had been a leader in the effort to get Paris-based manufacturer Roussel Uclaf to make the so-called "French abortion pill" available in the United States.
She received the Feminist Majority Foundation's lifetime achievement award for "tireless work for women's rights, for women and girls in sports, for the Equal Rights Amendment for Women, for civil rights for all Americans, for her championing of the trade union movement, and her devotion to world peace and non-violence."
Yard died in her sleep at age 93 at a nursing home in suburban Pittsburgh on September 20, 2005.
[edit] References
- Kalson, Sally. "Obituary: Molly Yard: Feminist dies at 93", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 22, 2005.
- Molly Y Garrett. Social Security Death Index at Rootsweb.com. Retrieved on January 16, 2006.
| Preceded by: Eleanor Smeal |
President of the National Organization for Women 1987 - 1991 |
Succeeded by: Patricia Ireland |
