Mob Quad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mob Quad is a four-sided group of buildings in Merton College, Oxford surrounding a small lawn. It is often claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford[1], but Merton's own Front Quad was certainly enclosed earlier[2] and the same form was probably developed independently elsewhere. The pattern has since been copied at many other colleges and universities world wide.
It was built in three distinct phases. The oldest part is the college's Treasury or Muniment Room that stands above and behind the arch in the north east corner. The roof of this part is strikingly steep and is made of stone in order to protect it (and its contents) from fire. The steep pitch of the roof is necessary to support the weight of the stone. The present roof was restored with new Purbeck stone in 1966. The upper floor has always been used to store the college muniments, the ground floor was probably the original bursary. It is not known exactly when the building was completed, but there are references to it in the college accounts for 1288 and 1291.[3] The fact that the Muniment Room was built above a vaulted arch suggests that the range of buildings to the south was either planned at the time of the original design or replaced an existing building.
This range to the south of the Muniment Room (the East side) was complete by about 1310–1320. The matching North side is probably slightly earlier and apparently stands on the site of the former church of St John, which was no longer needed once the new chapel was complete. Evidence shows from the college accounts shows that the old church was being used as rooms by 1308, and it is possible that parts of its structure were incorporated into the new building.[4]
The south and west ranges which complete the quadrangle were built some 50 years later in 1373–1378. They were built to provide more accommodation (on the ground floor) and to house the expanding college library (on the upper floor). The old part of the library is still there, and, still expanding, it also now occupies most of the ground floor as well (and other parts of the college). The large dormer windows were added[5] as part of Warden Savile's rebuilding work which began in 1589.
These buildings were designed, and are still used, as accommodation for members of the college. They consist of three storeys of rooms, the third being built in the steeply-pitched attics. The rooms are arranged in sets on either side of central wooden staircases. The walls are thick and faced in an attractive rag-finished Cotswold stone. There are no chimneys: they had not been invented when the buildings were first completed, and although all the rooms had fireplaces and chimneys by about 1600[6], they have been removed in modern times as the coal fireplaces have been replaced with electric heating.
The origin of the name "Mob Quad" is obscure. On older plans and accounts the quad is called variously Little Quadrangle, Old Quadrangle, Bachelors' Quadrangle (that is, B.A. Fellows), Postmasters' Quadrangle, and Undergraduates' Quadrangle (at least after the construction of Fellows' Quadrangle). The word "mob", derived from the Latin mobile vulgus (the fickle crowd) does not appear in English until the late 17th century, and was not commonly used for Mob Quad until the end of the 18th century.[7] It was possibly originally a humorous description of the occupants.
The lawn is a 20th century addition.
[edit] References
- Bott, Alan (1993). Merton College: A short history of the buildings. Oxford: Merton College. ISBN 0-9522314-0-9.
- Martin, G. H., and Highfield, J. R. L. (1997). A history of Merton College, Oxford. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920183-8.
- Saunders, Jennifer, and Nikolaus Pevsner (1974). The Buildings of England: Oxfordshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
- Highfield, J. R. L. (1991). "Some thoughts about Mob-Quad in the eighteenth century and at other times". Postmaster: The Merton Record (October 1991): pp.52–59.
