Mitral valvuloplasty
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A procedure carried out under local anaesthetic, in which a ballon is passed from the right femoral vein, up the Inferior Vena Cava and into the right atrium. The inter-atrial septum is punctured and the catheter passed into the left atrium using a "trans-septal technique". The balloon is sub-divided into 3 segments and is dilated in 3 stages. 1st the distal portion (lying in the left ventricle) is inflated and pulled against the valve cusps. 2nd the proximal portion is dilated, in order to fix the centre segment at the valve orifice. Finally the central section is inflated. This should take no longer than 30 seconds since full inflation obstructs the valve and causes congestion, leading to circulatory arrest & flash pulmonary oedema
