Milwaukee County Courthouse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Milwaukee County Courthouse is a high-rise municipal building located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Completed in 1931, it is the third county courthouse built in the city and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The two previous courthouses were located at what is now Cathedral Square Park on the east side of the Milwaukee River.
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[edit] Description
Situated on the crown of a hill, it is 176 feet (54m) tall and has eleven floors. The Neo-Classical Revival style of the building was the result of a nationwide design competition, in which architect Albert Randolph Ross with the New York firm of McKim, Mead, and White was selected out of 33 entries from across the country. It was constructed using Bedford limestone and features architectural details and sculptural decorations with a Beaux-Arts influence, such as a flat roofline, stone owls and lion heads.
While heralded as one of the grandest courthouses in the United States, it was once called a "million dollar rockpile" by famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. [1]
[edit] Civic Space
The Milwaukee County Courthouse is part of a greater civic space that includes not only the immediate area, but also the neighboring Milwaukee Public Museum, main building of the Milwaukee Public Library, and a swath of government buildings running east along Wells Street to the Milwaukee City Hall.
Along the east side of the County Courthouse is a terraced commons area called MacArthur Square. It was dedicated on September 17, 1945 to General Douglas MacArthur, whom attended West Division High School (now Milwaukee High School of the Arts) in Milwaukee. A parking garage was built underneath in 1967, which cuts in to the side of the hill. At the base of the building is the India-America Friendship Park and a statue in memory of Mahatma Gandhi. North 9th Street continues through as a tunnel between the building and parking structure.
Unfortunately, MacArthur Square is most often remembered for its issues with transients sleeping on park benches and noise pollution from the high capacity ventilation of lower parking levels. A large water fountain is unable to drown this out. [2]
Just to the north is the Milwaukee County Safety Building and Milwaukee County Jail. On the southern side of the courthouse is Clas Park, named for local architect and city planner Alfred Clas. The Kilbourn Tunnel, a connecting corridor to and from northbound I-43 at the Courthouse Annex on the west side of the building to Kilbourn Avenue, runs underneath the courthouse and surrounding civic area. It is dedicated to city co-founder Byron Kilbourn.
[edit] Courthouse Annex
The Milwaukee County Courthouse Annex was a five story 447-space concrete parking facility that also housed limited office space. Built in the 1960s, it extended over the three northbound lanes of Interstate 43 just north of the Marquette Interchange. On the north façade was a four story (76 feet long and 37 feet high) mural titled "Whale Commuters." It was donated by artist Robert Wyland, who is known for painting large outdoor murals of whales called Whaling Walls, and dedicated on September 15, 1997.
Following some political controversy between Milwaukee County Executive Scott Walker and the Board of Supervisors, along with an unsuccessful offer by the Wisconsin Film Office to allow an implosion of the structure for any production interested in filming it for a demolition scene [3], the Annex was demolished as part of the Interchange reconstruction. The last section came down on May 23, 2006 after a permit was obtained from the Federal Government to proceed in spite of some nesting seagulls and their eggs.
Upon learning of the impending destruction of his mural, Wyland threatened legal action, citing the Visual Artists Rights Act which gives artists the right to protect their work. According to the contract he signed these rights were waved and Milwaukee County "reserves the right to remodel or demolish the building and/or remove the mural at any time." Since then, Wyland has offered to paint the Wells Street side of the Milwaukee Public Museum, the building he had originally wanted to do. However, as was the original problem, the museum has refused the offer due to the lack of any connection between Milwaukee and the ocean and therefore whales as well.
A small section of the Whaling Wall containing an adult and baby dolphin was removed on May 2, 2006 prior to demolition. Plans call for it to decorate a surface lot which will be built on-site.
