Military of Armenia
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| Armed Forces of Armenia | |
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| Military Branches | |
| Army | Air Force |
| Air Defense | Border Guard |
| Military manpower | |
| Military age | 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (May 2004) |
|---|---|
| Availability | males age 15–49: 812,140 (2004 est.) |
| Fit for military service | males age 15–49: 650,000 (2004 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually | males: 31,926 (2004 est.) |
| Active troops | 60,000 (Ranked 60th) |
| Military expenditures | |
| Amount | $162 million (FY05) ($265 million proposed for 2007)[1] |
| Percent of GDP | 6.4% (FY05) |
| Armenian Armed Forces Emblem | |
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The Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia represents the Army, Air Force and the Air Defense. It was partially formed out of the former Soviet forces stationed in the Armenian SSR. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, currently Robert Kocharian. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Serzh Sargsyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel-General Mikael Harutiunian. Armenia established a Ministry of Defense on 28 January 1992. Border guards subject to the Ministry patrol Armenia's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue to monitor its borders with Iran and Turkey. Since 1992, Armenia has been a member of CSTO, which acts as another deterrent to Azeri military intervention over Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe was ratified by the Armenian parliament in July 1992. The treaty establishes comprehensive limits on key categories of military equipment, such as tanks, artillery, armored combat vehicles, combat aircraft, and combat helicopters, and provides for the destruction of weaponry in excess of those limits. Armenian officials have consistently expressed determination to comply with its provisions and thus Armenia has provided data on armaments as required under the CFE Treaty. Despite this, Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of diverting a large part of its military forces to Nagorno-Karabakh and thus circumventing these international regulations. Armenia is not a significant exporter of conventional weapons, but it has provided support, including materiel, to the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
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[edit] Overview
In March 1993, Armenia signed the multilateral Chemical Weapons Convention, which calls for the eventual elimination of chemical weapons. Armenia acceded to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapons state in July 1993. The U.S. and other Western governments have discussed efforts to establish effective nuclear export control systems with Armenia and expressed satisfaction with Armenia's full cooperation. In 2004 Armenia sent 46 non-combat troops to Iraq, which included bomb-disposal experts, doctors, and transport specialists.
[edit] Army
Under the Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty, in 2001 Armenia declared 102 T-72 tanks, 72 heavy howitzers and 204 armored vehicles (most of them infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers). With respect to military hardware the Treaty on Conventional Arms in Europe does not apply to, Armenia has up to 700 armored vehicles. Its artillery comprises 225 pieces of 122 mm and larger calibers, including 50 multiple rocket launchers.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Armenia, like its Azeri counterpart, has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military.
Armenia's Military is presently expanding , having had its budget recently augmented by 10 percent. Its active forces now number about 60,000 soldiers , with an additional reserve of 32,000, and a "reserve of the reserve" of 350,000 troops. Armenia is prepared to mobilize every able-bodied man between the age of 15 and 59, with military preparedness most of all focused on potential attacks by Azerbaijan and Turkey.
[edit] Air Force
The Air Force relies upon the 30 Mig-29's of the Russian 102nd Base at Gyumri, its own smaller fleet of 15 Su-25 fighter bombers and a single Mig-25 fighter jet as well as twelve Mi-24 helicopters out of a total of 35, for the defense of the Armenian airspace. The Armenia Air Force also has 2 Il-76 cargo planes, for the transport of soldiers and materials. The Armenian anti-aircraft defense comprises an anti-aircraft missile brigade and two regiments armed with 100 anti-aircraft complexes of various models and modifications, including the M79 Osa, Krug , S-75, S-125 and 24 Scud missiles with eight launchers. Numerical strength is estimated at about 3,000 servicemen, with plans for further expansion in 2006 and 2007.
[edit] Military of Karabakh
In addition to forces mentioned above, there are 20,000 soldiers defending Nagorno-Karabakh, an unrecognized Armenian republic which seceded from Azerbaijan in 1991. They are well trained and well equipped with the latest in military software and hardware. According to the Azerbaijani government, the Karabakh army's heavy military hardware includes: 316 tanks, 324 armored vehicles, 322 artillery pieces of calibers over 122 mm, 44 multiple rocket launchers, and a new anti-aircraft defense system. Nagorno Karabakh is not a party to the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty and thus are not bound by its limitations. The specific details concerning the Karabakh military's weapons holdings are not known and thus the above are only estimates made by Azerbaijan.
[edit] Russia
Russia has a military base in Armenia which is the Russian 102nd Military Base. Russia stations an estimated 5,000 soldiers of all types in Armenia, including 3,000 officially reported to be based at the 102nd Military Base located in Gyumri. In 1997, the two countries signed a far-reaching friendship treaty , which calls for mutual assistance in the event of a military threat to either party and allows Russian border guards to patrol Armenia’s frontiers with Turkey and Iran. Until recently, in early 2005 , the 102nd Military Base had 74 tanks, 17 battle infantry vehicles, 148 armored personnel carriers, 84 artillery pieces, 30 Mig-29 fighters and several batteries of S-300 anti-aircraft missiles. In the last eighteen months, however, a great deal of military hardware was moved to the 102nd Base from the Russian military bases in Batumi and Akhalkalaki, Georgia. Russia is one of the closest ally of Armenia and the only country that has a military base stationed in the country. Since 1992 Armenia is in a military allience with Russia and 5 other ex-soviet countries called CSTO. Russia also supplys weapons at the relatively lower prices of the Russian domestic market as part of a collective security agreement since January 2004.[1]
[edit] Military Training
Officer training is another sphere of Russian-Armenian military cooperation. In the first years of sovereignty when Armenia lacked a military educational establishment of its own, officers of its army were trained in Russia. Even now when Armenia has a military college on its own territory, the Armenian officer corps honors the tradition and is trained at Russian military educational establishments. Currently, 600 Armenian servicemen are being trained in Russia.
[edit] Future Cooperation
At the first meeting of the joint Russian-Armenian government panel for military-technical cooperation that took place during autumn 2005, Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov reported that, Russian factories will participate in the Armenian program of military modernization, and that Russia is prepared to supply the necessary spare parts and equipment. Yerevan and Moscow have further plans to develop closer ties.
[edit] NATO
Armenia participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and it is in a NATO organization called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia is in the process of implimention of Individual Partnership Action Plans (IPAPs) which is is a program for those countries that have the political will and ability to deepen their relationship with NATO. Cooperative Best Effort exercise (the first where Russia was represented) was run on Armenian territory in 2003.
[edit] Greece
Greece is Armenia's closest ally in NATO and the two cooporate on multiple issues, thus a number of Armenian officers are trained in Greece every year, and military aid/material assistance has been provided to Armenia. In 2003, the two countries signed a military cooperation accord, under which Greece will increase the number of Armenian servicemen trained at the military and military-medical academies in Athens.
In February 2003, Armenia sent 34 peacekeepers to Kosovo where they became part of the Greek contingent. Officials in Yerevan have said the Armenian military plans to substantially increase the size of its peace-keeping detachment and counts on Greek assistance to the effort.
[edit] United States
The United States has been steadily upping its military clout in the region. In early 2003, the Pentagon announced several major military programs in the Caucasus. Washington's military aid to Armenia in 2005 amounted to $5 million, and in April of 2004, the two sides signed a military-technical cooperation accord, which some American military analysts believe implies the use of Armenian airfields by the U.S. Air Force in the War on Terror. In late 2004, Armenia deployed a unit of 46 soldiers, which included a logistic, medical and support soldiers to Iraq in support of the American-led Coalition. And in 2005, the United States allocated $7 million to modernize the military communications of the Armenian Armed Forces.
[edit] Peacekeeping Operations
Currently Armenia is involved in two peacekeeping operations. One of them in Iraq and the other is in Kosovo. There are also arguments within the government to send peacekeepers to Lebanon since there is large number of Armenians in that country.
[edit] Iraq
Armenia has deployed a unit of 46 soldiers under Polish command. Armenian soldiers are based in Al-Kut, 62 miles from the capital of Baghdad.[2]. On July 23, 2006 the fourth shift of Armenian peacekeepers departed for Iraq. The current shift includes 3 staff commanders, 2 medical officers, 10 combat engineers and 31 drivers. On 5 December 2005, the Armenian government declared its intention to stay in Iraq for another year.[3] As of November 2006 there has been one Armenian wounded and no casualties. On December 6, 2006, Armenian government again declared to stay in Iraq for another year.
[edit] Kosovo
Armenia joined the peacekeeping activities in Kosovo in 2004. Armenian "blue helmets" serve within the Greek battalion. There are 34 Armenian soldiers serving in Kosovo. The relevant memorandum was signed on September 3, 2003 in Yerevan and ratified by the Armenian Parliament December 13, 2003. The 6th shift of Armenian peacekeepers departed for Kosovo on November 14, 2006.
[edit] References
- "Fit for a Fight?: Armenia and Azerbaijan flex military muscles, vow to not be overcome"
- Armenia, Greece Discuss Closer Military Ties
- This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. 2004
- This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. 2003
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