Miglitol

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Miglitol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Identifiers
CAS number	72432-03-2
ATC code	A10BF02
PubChem	441314
DrugBank	APRD01117
Chemical data
Formula	C8H17NO5
Mol. weight	207.224 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Half life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data	US
Pregnancy cat.	B3(AU) B(US)
Legal status	℞-only(US)
Routes	Oral

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that is classified as a alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of complex carbohydrates such as starch into sugars which can be absorbed.

Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of complex carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of complex carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

Oral antidiabetic drugs (A10B) edit
Biguanides:	Metformin
Sulfonylureas:	Chlorpropamide, glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor:	Acarbose, Miglitol
Thiazolidinediones (TZD):	Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone
Meglitinides:	Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors:	Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin