Mid-centralized vowel
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Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
See also: IPA, Consonantsrepresents a rounded vowel.
A mid-centralized vowel is a vowel closer to the center of the vowel space than some point of reference. That is, it is closer to schwa [ə]. The diacritic used to mark this in the International Phonetic Alphabet is the over-cross, [ ̽].
In most languages, vowels become mid-centralized when spoken quickly, and in some, such as English and Russian, many vowels are also mid-centralized when unstressed.
Even when fully articulated, the vowels of a language may be on the schwa side of a cardinal IPA vowel. One example of this is Lisbon Portuguese, where unstressed e is a near-close near-back unrounded vowel. That is, it lies between the close back unrounded vowel [ɯ] and schwa, and may be written [ɯ̽], as in pegar [pɯ̽ˈgaɾ] "to hold".
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