Image:MichelineBernardini.jpg

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Micheline Bernardini wearing the first bikini, 1946


Copyrighted

This work is copyrighted and unlicensed. It does not fall into one of the blanket fair use categories listed at Wikipedia:Fair use#Images or Wikipedia:Fair use#Audio_clips. However, it is believed that the use of this work in the article "bikini":

  • To illustrate the object in question
  • Where no free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information
  • On the English-language Wikipedia ([1]), hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation ([2]),

qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Fair use and Wikipedia:Copyrights.

To the uploader: this tag is not a sufficient claim of fair use. You must also include the source of the work, all available copyright information, and a detailed fair use rationale.

Copyright Law of the United States of America, Title 17, Circular 92, section 107: In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include —

  1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
  2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
  3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
  4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.


  1. Used for latter purpose in Wikipedia, illustrates the Bikini article.
  2. A unique historical image which we cannot reproduce by other means, relevant in the Bikini article.
  3. I don't know that, because I am not aware of what the original image looks like. However, it is harder not to show the "heart" of the image compared to the heart of the film or a book.
  4. Such images are used rarely, probably in some books about fashion history. Wikipedia doesn't compete directly with them because it is an encyclopedia.

I find this image from Bikini Science. I have tried to find out the picture's copyright status. I believe the picture was taken in 1946, because then the bikini was introduced. And the picture must have been taken in Paris. I don't have any other facts about it. If the picture is still under copyright protection in US, the copyright must have either been renewed in 1974 or restored in the 1990s. So there should be a mention about it in the archives. But I don't know the name of the photographer or the magazine that published the picture, so I don't know what to look for. The Bikini Science doesn't tell its author's e-mail address. That's why I can't contact him, and ask who was the photographer, and where the photograph was published. -Hapsiainen 00:13, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

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