Melting points of the elements (data page)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This page lists melting points for various chemical elements at standard atmospheric pressure in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit . In general, melting points increase going from top to bottom, although there are many exceptions. Also, elements toward the middle of the table, which form strong metallic bonds and elements which form covalently bonded compounds, and not diatomic gases, such as carbon, which has the highest melting point in it's diamond allotrope.
This page is intended as a chemical data reference page only. For more information on melting points, please see
<==Chemical Reference Data Sets
Contents |
[edit] Melting point
1 H hydrogen (H2) | |||
---|---|---|---|
use | 14.01 K | -259.14 °C | -434.45 °F |
WEL | 14.01 K | -259.14 °C | -434.45 °F |
CRC | -259.34 °C | ||
LNG | -259.35 °C | ||
2 He helium | |||
use | 0.95 K (at 2.5 MPa) | -272.2 °C (at 2.5 MPa) | -458 °F (at 2.5 MPa) |
WEL | 0.95 K | -272.2 °C | -458 °F |
LNG | -272.15 °C (at 25 atm) | ||
3 Li lithium | |||
use | 453.69 K | 180.54 °C | 356.97 °F |
WEL | 453.69 K | 180.54 °C | 356.97 °F |
CRC | 180.50 °C | ||
LNG | 180.54 °C | ||
4 Be beryllium | |||
use | 1560 K | 1287 °C | 2349 °F |
WEL | 1560 K | 1287 °C | 2349 °F |
CRC | 1287 °C | ||
LNG | 1287 °C | ||
5 B boron | |||
use | 2349 K | 2076 °C | 3769 °F |
WEL | 2349 K | 2076 °C | 3769 °F |
CRC | 2075 °C | ||
LNG | 2076 °C | ||
6 C carbon (graphite) | |||
use | |||
WEL | ? (3800 K) | ? (3527 °C) | ? (6381 °F) |
CRC | tp 4489 °C (at 10.3 MPa) | ||
LNG | subl. (3915–4020) °C | ||
6 C carbon (diamond) | |||
use | |||
WEL | ? (3800 K) | ? (3527 °C) | ? (6381 °F) |
CRC | 4440 °C (at 12.4 GPa) | ||
LNG | (at 63.5 atm) 3500 °C | ||
7 N nitrogen (N2) | |||
use | 63.15 K | -210.00 °C | -346.00 °F |
WEL | 63.05 K | -210.1 °C | -346.18 °F |
CRC | -210.00 °C | ||
LNG | -210.01 °C | ||
8 O oxygen (O2) | |||
use | 54.36 K | -218.79 °C | -361.82 °F |
WEL | 54.8 K | -218.3 °C | -360.9 °F |
CRC | -218.79 °C | ||
LNG | -218.4 °C | ||
9 F fluorine (F2) | |||
use | 53.53 K | -219.62 °C | -363.32 °F |
WEL | 53.53 K | -219.62 °C | -363.32 °F |
CRC | tp -219.67 °C | ||
LNG | -219.61 °C | ||
10 Ne neon | |||
use | 24.56 K | -248.59 °C | -415.46 °F |
WEL | 24.56 K | -248.59 °C | -415.46 °F |
CRC | -248.59 °C | ||
LNG | -248.67 °C | ||
11 Na sodium | |||
use | 370.87 K | 97.72 °C | 207.9 °F |
WEL | 370.87 K | 97.72 °C | 207.9 °F |
CRC | 97.80 °C | ||
LNG | 97.82 °C | ||
12 Mg magnesium | |||
use | 923 K | 650 °C | 1202 °F |
WEL | 923 K | 650 °C | 1202 °F |
CRC | 650 °C | ||
LNG | 651 °C | ||
13 Al aluminium | |||
use | 933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F |
WEL | 933.47 K | 660.32 °C | 1220.58 °F |
CRC | 660.32 °C | ||
LNG | 660.323 °C | ||
freezing point 933.473 K (660.323 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
14 Si silicon | |||
use | 1687 K | 1414 °C | 2577 °F |
WEL | 1687 K | 1414 °C | 2577 °F |
CRC | 1414 °C | ||
LNG | 1412 °C | ||
15 P phosphorus (white) | |||
use | 317.30 K | 44.15 °C | 111.47 °F |
WEL | 317.3 K | 44.2 °C | 111.6 °F |
CRC | 44.15 °C | ||
LNG | 44.15 °C | ||
15 P phosphorus (red) | |||
use | 870 K | 597 °C | 1107 °F |
CRC | tp 590 °C | ||
LNG | 597 °C | ||
15 P phosphorus (black) | |||
use | 883 K | 610 °C | 1130 °F |
CRC | 610 °C | ||
LNG | |||
16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha) | |||
use | (trans. to beta) 368.4 K | (trans. to beta) 95.3 °C | (trans. to beta) 203.5 °F |
CRC | (trans. to mono) 95.3 °C | ||
LNG | (trans. to beta) 94.5 °C | ||
16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta, trans. slowly to alpha) | |||
use | 388.36 K | 115.21 °C | 239.38 °F |
WEL | 388.36 K | 115.21 °C | 239.38 °F |
CRC | 119.6 °C | ||
LNG | 115.21 °C | ||
16 S sulfur (gamma) | |||
use | 380.0 K | 106.8 °C | 224.2 °F |
LNG | 106.8 °C | ||
17 Cl chlorine (Cl2) | |||
use | 171.6 K | -101.5 °C | -150.7 °F |
WEL | 171.6 K | -101.5 °C | -150.7 °F |
CRC | -101.5 °C | ||
LNG | -101.5 °C | ||
18 Ar argon | |||
use | 83.80 K | -189.35 °C | -308.83 °F |
WEL | 83.8 K | -189.3 °C | -308.7 °F |
CRC | -189.35 °C | ||
LNG | -189.38 °C | ||
19 K potassium | |||
use | 336.53 K | 63.38 °C | 146.08 °F |
WEL | 336.53 K | 63.38 °C | 146.08 °F |
CRC | 63.5 °C | ||
CR2 | 63.38 °C | ||
LNG | 63.38 °C | ||
20 Ca calcium | |||
use | 1115 K | 842 °C | 1548 °F |
WEL | 1115 K | 842 °C | 1548 °F |
CRC | 842 °C | ||
LNG | 842 °C | ||
21 Sc scandium | |||
use | 1814 K | 1541 °C | 2806 °F |
WEL | 1814 K | 1541 °C | 2806 °F |
CRC | 1541 °C | ||
LNG | 1541 °C | ||
22 Ti titanium (hexagonal) | |||
use | 1941 K | 1668 °C | 3034 °F |
WEL | 1941 K | 1668 °C | 3034 °F |
CRC | 1668 °C | ||
LNG | 1668 °C | ||
23 V vanadium | |||
use | 2183 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F |
WEL | 2183 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F |
CRC | 1910 °C | ||
LNG | 1917 °C | ||
24 Cr chromium | |||
use | 2180 K | 1907 °C | 3465 °F |
WEL | 2180 K | 1907 °C | 3465 °F |
CRC | 1907 °C | ||
LNG | 1907 °C | ||
25 Mn manganese | |||
use | 1519 K | 1246 °C | 2275 °F |
WEL | 1519 K | 1246 °C | 2275 °F |
CRC | 1246 °C | ||
LNG | (face-centered tetragonal) 1244 °C | ||
26 Fe iron | |||
use | 1811 K | 1538 °C | 2800 °F |
WEL | 1811 K | 1538 °C | 2800 °F |
CRC | 1538 °C | ||
LNG | 1535 °C | ||
27 Co cobalt | |||
use | 1768 K | 1495 °C | 2723 °F |
WEL | 1768 K | 1495 °C | 2723 °F |
CRC | 1495 °C | ||
LNG | 1494 °C | ||
28 Ni nickel | |||
use | 1728 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F |
WEL | 1728 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F |
CRC | 1455 °C | ||
LNG | 1453 °C | ||
29 Cu copper | |||
use | 1357.77 K | 1084.62 °C | 1984.32 °F |
WEL | 1357.77 K | 1084.62 °C | 1984.32 °F |
CRC | 1084.62 °C | ||
LNG | 1084.62 °C | ||
freezing point 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
30 Zn zinc | |||
use | 692.68 K | 419.53 °C | 787.15 °F |
WEL | 692.68 K | 419.53 °C | 787.15 °F |
CRC | 419.53 °C | ||
LNG | 419.527 °C | ||
freezing point 692.677 K (419.527 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
31 Ga gallium | |||
use | 302.9146 K | 29.7646 °C | 85.5763 °F |
WEL | 302.91 K | 29.76 °C | 85.57 °F |
CRC | tp 29.771 °C | ||
CR2 | 29.76 °C | ||
LNG | 29.7646 °C | ||
melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
32 Ge germanium | |||
use | 1211.40 K | 938.25 °C | 1720.85 °F |
WEL | 1211.4 K | 938.3 °C | 1720.9 °F |
CRC | 938.25 °C | ||
LNG | 937.3 °C | ||
33 As arsenic | |||
use | 1090 K | 817 °C | 1503 °F |
WEL | 1090 K | 817 °C | 1503 °F |
CRC | tp 817 °C (at 3.70 MPa) | ||
CR2 | 817 °C | ||
LNG | 817 °C | ||
34 Se selenium (hexagonal, gray) | |||
use | 494 K | 221 °C | 430 °F |
WEL | 494 K | 221 °C | 430 °F |
CRC | 220.5 °C | ||
CR2 | 221 °C | ||
LNG | 217 °C | ||
34 Se selenium (vitreous) | |||
use | (trans. to gray) 453 K | (trans. to gray) 180 °C | (trans. to gray) 356 °F |
CRC | (trans. to gray) 180 °C | ||
35 Br bromine (Br2) | |||
use | 265.8 K | -7.3 °C | 19 °F |
WEL | 265.8 K | -7.3 °C | 19 °F |
CRC | -7.2 °C | ||
LNG | -7.25 °C | ||
36 Kr krypton | |||
use | 115.79 K | -157.36 °C | -251.25 °F |
WEL | 115.79 K | -157.36 °C | -251.25 °F |
CRC | tp -157.38 °C (at 73.2 kPa) | ||
LNG | -157.36 °C | ||
37 Rb rubidium | |||
use | 312.46 K | 39.31 °C | 102.76 °F |
WEL | 312.46 K | 39.31 °C | 102.76 °F |
CRC | 39.30 °C | ||
CR2 | 39.31 °C | ||
LNG | 39.31 °C | ||
38 Sr strontium | |||
use | 1050 K | 777 °C | 1431 °F |
WEL | 1050 K | 777 °C | 1431 °F |
CRC | 777 °C | ||
LNG | 757 °C | ||
39 Y yttrium | |||
use | 1799 K | 1526 °C | 2779 °F |
WEL | 1799 K | 1526 °C | 2779 °F |
CRC | 1522 °C | ||
CR2 | 1526 °C | ||
LNG | 1522 °C | ||
40 Zr zirconium | |||
use | 2128 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F |
WEL | 2128 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F |
CRC | 1855 °C | ||
LNG | 1852 °C | ||
41 Nb niobium | |||
use | 2750 K | 2477 °C | 4491 °F |
WEL | 2750 K | 2477 °C | 4491 °F |
CRC | 2477 °C | ||
LNG | 2468 °C | ||
42 Mo molybdenum | |||
use | 2896 K | 2623 °C | 4753 °F |
WEL | 2896 K | 2623 °C | 4753 °F |
CRC | 2623 °C | ||
LNG | 2622 °C | ||
43 Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?) | |||
use | 2430 K | 2157 °C | 3915 °F |
WEL | 2430 K | 2157 °C | 3915 °F |
CRC | 2157 °C | ||
LNG | (Tc-98) 2157 °C | ||
44 Ru ruthenium | |||
use | 2607 K | 2334 °C | 4233 °F |
WEL | 2607 K | 2334 °C | 4233 °F |
CRC | 2334 °C | ||
LNG | 2334 °C | ||
45 Rh rhodium | |||
use | 2237 K | 1964 °C | 3567 °F |
WEL | 2237 K | 1964 °C | 3567 °F |
CRC | 1964 °C | ||
LNG | 1963 °C | ||
46 Pd palladium | |||
use | 1828.05 K | 1554.9 °C | 2830.82 °F |
WEL | 1828.05 K | 1554.9 °C | 2830.82 °F |
CRC | 1554.9 °C | ||
LNG | 1555 °C | ||
47 Ag silver | |||
use | 1234.93 K | 961.78 °C | 1763.2 °F |
WEL | 1234.93 K | 961.78 °C | 1763.2 °F |
CRC | 961.78 °C | ||
LNG | 961.78 °C | ||
freezing point 1234.93 K (961.78 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
48 Cd cadmium | |||
use | 594.22 K | 321.07 °C | 609.93 °F |
WEL | 594.22 K | 321.07 °C | 609.93 °F |
CRC | 321.07 °C | ||
LNG | 321 °C | ||
49 In indium | |||
use | 429.75 K | 156.60 °C | 313.88 °F |
WEL | 429.75 K | 156.6 °C | 313.88 °F |
CRC | 156.60 °C | ||
LNG | 156.60 °C | ||
freezing point 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
50 Sn tin (white) | |||
use | 505.08 K | 231.93 °C | 449.47 °F |
WEL | 505.08 K | 231.93 °C | 449.47 °F |
CRC | 231.93 °C | ||
LNG | 231.928 °C | ||
freezing point 505.078 K (231.928 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
51 Sb antimony | |||
use | 903.78 K | 630.63 °C | 1167.13 °F |
WEL | 903.78 K | 630.63 °C | 1167.13 °F |
CRC | 630.63 °C | ||
LNG | 630.7 °C | ||
52 Te tellurium | |||
use | 722.66 K | 449.51 °C | 841.12 °F |
WEL | 722.66 K | 449.51 °C | 841.12 °F |
CRC | 449.51 °C | ||
LNG | 449.8 °C | ||
53 I iodine (I2) | |||
use | 386.85 K | 113.7 °C | 236.66 °F |
WEL | 386.85 K | 113.7 °C | 236.66 °F |
CRC | 113.7 °C | ||
LNG | 113.60 °C | ||
54 Xe xenon | |||
use | 161.4 K | -111.7 °C | -169.1 °F |
WEL | 161.4 K | -111.7 °C | -169.1 °F |
CRC | tp -111.79 °C (at 81.6 kPa) | ||
LNG | -111.8 °C | ||
55 Cs caesium | |||
use | 301.59 K | 28.44 °C | 83.19 °F |
WEL | 301.59 K | 28.44 °C | 83.19 °F |
CRC | 28.5 °C | ||
CR2 | 28.44 °C | ||
LNG | 28.44 °C | ||
56 Ba barium | |||
use | 1000 K | 727 °C | 1341 °F |
WEL | 1000 K | 727 °C | 1341 °F |
CRC | 727 °C | ||
LNG | 726.9 °C | ||
57 La lanthanum | |||
use | 1193 K | 920 °C | 1688 °F |
WEL | 1193 K | 920 °C | 1688 °F |
CRC | 918 °C | ||
CR2 | 920 °C | ||
LNG | 920 °C | ||
58 Ce cerium | |||
use | 1068 K | 795 °C | 1463 °F |
WEL | 1068 K | 795 °C | 1463 °F |
CRC | 798 °C | ||
CR2 | 799 °C | ||
LNG | 795 °C | ||
59 Pr praseodymium | |||
use | 1208 K | 935 °C | 1715 °F |
WEL | 1208 K | 935 °C | 1715 °F |
CRC | 931 °C | ||
LNG | 935 °C | ||
60 Nd neodymium | |||
use | 1297 K | 1024 °C | 1875 °F |
WEL | 1297 K | 1024 °C | 1875 °F |
CRC | 1021 °C | ||
CR2 | 1016 °C | ||
LNG | 1024 °C | ||
61 Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?) | |||
use | 1315 K | 1042 °C | 1908 °F |
WEL | 1373 K | 1100 °C | 2012 °F |
CRC | 1042 °C | ||
LNG | (Pm-147) 1080 °C | ||
62 Sm samarium | |||
use | 1345 K | 1072 °C | 1962 °F |
WEL | 1345 K | 1072 °C | 1962 °F |
CRC | 1074 °C | ||
CR2 | 1072 °C | ||
LNG | 1074 °C | ||
63 Eu europium | |||
use | 1099 K | 826 °C | 1519 °F |
WEL | 1099 K | 826 °C | 1519 °F |
CRC | 822 °C | ||
LNG | 822 °C | ||
64 Gd gadolinium | |||
use | 1585 K | 1312 °C | 2394 °F |
WEL | 1585 K | 1312 °C | 2394 °F |
CRC | 1313 °C | ||
CR2 | 1314 °C | ||
LNG | 1312 °C | ||
65 Tb terbium | |||
use | 1629 K | 1356 °C | 2473 °F |
WEL | 1629 K | 1356 °C | 2473 °F |
CRC | 1356 °C | ||
CR2 | 1359 °C | ||
LNG | 1356 °C | ||
66 Dy dysprosium | |||
use | 1680 K | 1407 °C | 2565 °F |
WEL | 1680 K | 1407 °C | 2565 °F |
CRC | 1412 °C | ||
CR2 | 1411 °C | ||
LNG | 1412 °C | ||
67 Ho holmium | |||
use | 1734 K | 1461 °C | 2662 °F |
WEL | 1734 K | 1461 °C | 2662 °F |
CRC | 1474 °C | ||
CR2 | 1472 °C | ||
LNG | 1474 °C | ||
68 Er erbium | |||
use | 1802 K | 1529 °C | 2784 °F |
WEL | 1770 K | 1497 °C | 2727 °F |
CRC | 1529 °C | ||
LNG | 1529 °C | ||
talk |
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||
69 Tm thulium | |||
use | 1818 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F |
WEL | 1818 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F |
CRC | 1545 °C | ||
LNG | 1545 °C | ||
70 Yb ytterbium | |||
use | 1097 K | 824 °C | 1515 °F |
WEL | 1097 K | 824 °C | 1515 °F |
CRC | 819 °C | ||
CR2 | 824 °C | ||
LNG | 819 °C | ||
71 Lu lutetium | |||
use | 1925 K | 1652 °C | 3006 °F |
WEL | 1925 K | 1652 °C | 3006 °F |
CRC | 1663 °C | ||
LNG | 1663 °C | ||
72 Hf hafnium | |||
use | 2506 K | 2233 °C | 4051 °F |
WEL | 2506 K | 2233 °C | 4051 °F |
CRC | 2233 °C | ||
LNG | 2227 °C | ||
73 Ta tantalum | |||
use | 3290 K | 3017 °C | 5463 °F |
WEL | 3290 K | 3017 °C | 5463 °F |
CRC | 3017 °C | ||
LNG | 2996 °C | ||
74 W tungsten | |||
use | 3695 K | 3422 °C | 6192 °F |
WEL | 3695 K | 3422 °C | 6192 °F |
CRC | 3422 °C | ||
LNG | 3387 °C | ||
75 Re rhenium | |||
use | 3459 K | 3186 °C | 5767 °F |
WEL | 3459 K | 3186 °C | 5767 °F |
CRC | 3186 °C | ||
LNG | 3180 °C | ||
76 Os osmium | |||
use | 3306 K | 3033 °C | 5491 °F |
WEL | 3306 K | 3033 °C | 5491 °F |
CRC | 3033 °C | ||
LNG | 3045 °C | ||
77 Ir iridium | |||
use | 2719 K | 2446 °C | 4435 °F |
WEL | 2739 K | 2466 °C | 4471 °F |
CRC | 2446 °C | ||
LNG | 2447 °C | ||
78 Pt platinum | |||
use | 2041.4 K | 1768.3 °C | 3214.9 °F |
WEL | 2041.4 K | 1768.3 °C | 3214.9 °F |
CRC | 1768.4 °C | ||
LNG | 1769 °C | ||
79 Au gold | |||
use | 1337.33 K | 1064.18 °C | 1947.52 °F |
WEL | 1337.33 K | 1064.18 °C | 1947.52 °F |
CRC | 1064.18 °C | ||
LNG | 1064.18 °C | ||
freezing point 1337.33 K (1064.18 °C) fixed point on ITS-90 | |||
80 Hg mercury | |||
use | 234.32 K | -38.83 °C | -37.89 °F |
WEL | 234.32 K | -38.83 °C | -37.89 °F |
CRC | tp -38.837 °C | ||
LNG | -38.83 °C | ||
81 Tl thallium | |||
use | 577 K | 304 °C | 579 °F |
WEL | 577 K | 304 °C | 579 °F |
CRC | 304 °C | ||
LNG | 303.5 °C | ||
82 Pb lead | |||
use | 600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F |
WEL | 600.61 K | 327.46 °C | 621.43 °F |
CRC | 327.46 °C | ||
LNG | 327.43 °C | ||
83 Bi bismuth | |||
use | 544.7 K | 271.5 °C | 520.7 °F |
WEL | 544.4 K | 271.3 °C | 520.3 °F |
CRC | 271.40 °C | ||
LNG | 271.5 °C | ||
84 Po polonium | |||
use | 527 K | 254 °C | 489 °F |
WEL | 527 K | 254 °C | 489 °F |
CRC | 254 °C | ||
LNG | 254 °C | ||
85 At astatine | |||
use | 575 K | 302 °C | 576 °F |
WEL | 575 K | 302 °C | 576 °F |
CRC | 302 °C | ||
LNG | 302 °C | ||
86 Rn radon | |||
use | 202 K | -71 °C | -96 °F |
WEL | 202 K | -71 °C | -96 °F |
CRC | -71 °C | ||
LNG | -71 °C | ||
87 Fr francium | |||
use | 300 K | 27 °C | 80 °F |
CRC | 27 °C | ||
88 Ra radium | |||
use | 973 K | 700 °C | 1292 °F |
WEL | 973 K | 700 °C | 1292 °F |
CRC | 700 °C | ||
LNG | 700.1 °C | ||
89 Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?) | |||
use | circa 1323 K | circa 1050 °C | circa 1922 °F |
WEL | 1323 K | 1050 °C | 1922 °F |
CRC | 1051 °C | ||
LNG | (Ac-227) 1050(50) °C | ||
90 Th thorium | |||
use | 2115 K | 1842 °C | 3348 °F |
WEL | 2115 K | 1842 °C | 3348 °F |
CRC | 1750 °C | ||
LNG | 1750 °C | ||
91 Pa protactinium | |||
use | 1841 K | 1568 °C | 2854 °F |
WEL | 1841 K | 1568 °C | 2854 °F |
CRC | 1572 °C | ||
92 U uranium | |||
use | 1405.3 K | 1132.2 °C | 2070 °F |
WEL | 1405.3 K | 1132.2 °C | 2070 °F |
CRC | 1135 °C | ||
LNG | 1135 °C | ||
93 Np neptunium | |||
use | 917 K | 644 °C | 1191 °F |
WEL | 910 K | 637 °C | 1179 °F |
CRC | 644 °C | ||
LNG | 644 °C | ||
94 Pu plutonium | |||
use | 912.5 K | 639.4 °C | 1182.9 °F |
WEL | 912.5 K | 639.4 °C | 1182.9 °F |
CRC | 640 °C | ||
LNG | 639.5 °C | ||
95 Am americium | |||
use | 1449 K | 1176 °C | 2149 °F |
WEL | 1449 K | 1176 °C | 2149 °F |
CRC | 1176 °C | ||
LNG | 1176 °C | ||
96 Cm curium (Cm-244 ?) | |||
use | 1613 K | 1340 °C | 2444 °F |
WEL | 1613 K | 1340 °C | 2444 °F |
CRC | 1345 °C | ||
LNG | (Cm-244) 1340 °C | ||
97 Bk berkelium (alpha) | |||
use | 1323 K | 1050 °C | 1922 °F |
CRC | 1050 °C | ||
LNG | 1050 °C | ||
97 Bk berkelium (beta) | |||
use | 1259 K | 986 °C | 1807 °F |
WEL | 1259 K | 986 °C | 1807 °F |
CRC | 986 °C | ||
LNG | 986 °C | ||
98 Cf californium (Cf-252 ?) | |||
use | 1173 K | 900 °C | 1652 °F |
WEL | 1173 K | 900 °C | 1652 °F |
CRC | 900 °C | ||
LNG | (Cf-252) 900 °C | ||
99 Es einsteinium | |||
use | 1133 K | 860 °C | 1580 °F |
WEL | 1133 K | 860 °C | 1580 °F |
CRC | 860 °C | ||
LNG | 860 °C | ||
100 Fm fermium (Fm-257 ?) | |||
use | 1800 K | 1527 °C | 2781 °F |
WEL | 1800 K | 1527 °C | 2781 °F |
CRC | 1527 °C | ||
LNG | (Fm-257) 1527 °C | ||
101 Md mendelevium | |||
use | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F |
WEL | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F |
CRC | 827 °C | ||
102 No nobelium | |||
use | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F |
WEL | 1100 K | 827 °C | 1521 °F |
CRC | 827 °C | ||
103 Lr lawrencium | |||
use | 1900 K | 1627 °C | 2961 °F |
WEL | 1900 K | 1627 °C | 2961 °F |
CRC | 1627 °C | ||
LNG | 1627 °C |
[edit] Notes
- All values at standard pressure (101.325 kPa) unless noted. Triple point temperature values (marked "tp") are not valid at standard pressure.
[edit] See also
Boiling points of the elements (data page)
[edit] References
[edit] WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
[edit] CRC
As quoted from various sources in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, and critical temperatures of the elements.
[edit] CR2
Melting point data (where different to above) from an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts
[edit] LNG
As quoted from:
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds