Mathematical structure

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In mathematics, a structure on a set, or more generally a type, consists of additional mathematical objects that in some manner attach to the set, making it easier to visualize or work with, or endowing the collection with meaning or significance.

A partial list of possible structures are measures, algebraic structures (groups, fields, etc.), topologies, metric structures (geometries), orders, and equivalence relations.

Sometimes, a set is endowed with more than one structure simultaneously; this enables mathematicians to study it more richly. For example, an order induces a topology. As another example, if a set both has a topology and is a group, and the two structures are related in a certain way, the set becomes a topological group.

[edit] Example: the real numbers

The set of real numbers has several standard structures:

an order: each number is either less or more than every other number.
algebraic structure: there are operations of multiplication and addition that make it into a field.
a measure: intervals along the real line have a certain length.
a metric: there is a notion of distance between points.
a geometry: it is equipped with a metric and is flat.
a topology: there is a notion of open sets. (this is implied by the metric)

There are interfaces among these:

Its order and, independently, its metrics structure induce its topology.
Its order and algebraic structure make it into an ordered field.
Its algebraic structure and topology make it into a Lie group, a type of topological group.