Marquis de Piro
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Marquis de Piro is a title of Maltese nobility. The current Marquis is Nicholas de Piro, the eighth Marquis de Piro. His heir is his son, Cosimo de Piro, styled the Marchesino.
Contents |
[edit] History
Cosimo de Piro (D’Epiro, or de Pyrrho), whose family apparently left Rhodes in the general exodus of the Knights of St. John, settled in Malta when the islands were granted to Grand Master Fra Philippe Villers de L’Isle Adam in 1530. He married Gerolama La Mattina. It is recorded that he was given trusted responsibility and made Commander of the Arsenal of the Sovereign Prince.
Paolo, his second son, married Giovanella Albano and later Galizia Salemi. The second marriage produced Lorenzo Ubaldesco J.U.D (Juris Utriusque Doctor, meaning he was a doctor of both civil and canon law). His degree, an illuminated manuscript from the University of Messina, survives and is dated 1668. He was appointed Uditore to Grand Master Adrien de Wignacourt in 1694. He married Cornelia Cauchi and at her death took Holy Orders becoming a conventional chaplain of the Knights and eventually archdeacon of the cathedral. He strove and eventually succeeded in procuring privileges for himself and his canons. By special decree, he was allowed not to be buried at St John's but in the Cathedral instead. Pope Clement XI allowed him, "…to totally abstain from presiding over executions and torture involving blood crimes…" He entailed his property in perpetuity in favour of his son the holder of the newly-granted title (1716) of Baron of Budach.
[edit] First Marquese
Giovanni Pio ("Gio’Pio") J.U.D., the first Baron of Budach and first Marquis de Piro (1670-1752), was born in 1673 and studied for his doctorate in Rome. He was appointed ambassador representing the Grand Master and the Università as procurator of wheat. He was created Baron of Budach by Grand Master Perellos in 1716, with a tribute of two muskets to be paid on the feast of St. Barbara every year. He became a Segreto of the Inquisition in 1720 and in 1728 was Curator of the Holy Office. He was placed in a position of further trust by being appointed Secreto of Malta, Gozo and Comino. His honours increased: he was appointed Luogotenente ('lieutenant', in daily command) of the regimental company to which the Grand Master’s famigliari belonged. He was appointed Regio Secreto of Syracuse by the King of Spain.
By 1742 Gio’Pio was Senior Jurat of Valletta and later Lieutenant Governor of the whole island of Malta. As a stepping stone to his final accolade he was temporally created Viscount Cartely, but this title was suppressed in order to raise him further: on November 6th, 1742 Philip V of Spain raised him to the rank of Marquis de Piro in the Kingdom of Castile.
Gio’Pio was an entrepreneur with seemingly insatiable ambition and unflagging energy. He was soon in charge of his family’s business, including the transactions involving 'infidel' slaves. The family archives hold a bill for 1,500 Scudi representing one transaction in which Gio’Pio sold Muslims to a Muslim trader called Rais. But these were early days in his career, soon he would concentrate on other people's administrations and prove his reliability.
His marriage to Anna Antonia Gourgion considerably increased his worldly assets, and fortune seems to have been showered upon him for the rest of his life. His wealthy father-in-law’s administration fell into his lap: Giovanni Gourgion was a landowner, Magistro di Sala of the Valletta Magisterial Palace and even a patron of Mattia Preti's. The artist painted both Giovanni and his wife pouring water over the Holy Souls in Purgatory in a great altarpiece at St George's Basilica in Gozo.
Gio’Pio’s career was a triumph and perhaps the most successful of any Maltese man of his period. He invested in land, ships, and cargoes of textiles, grain, sugar, rice and coffee. He would sometimes insure cargoes and ships on his own account. He sometimes lent money, and quite often to knights residing in Malta including the illustrious Fra Carlo Albani, nephew of Pope Clement XI.
Gio’Pio purchased land all over Malta, and, in Sicily, great tracts in the plains of Girgenti. He kept houses in Valletta, in Mdina, and, by the sea in Scicli and also in the hexagonal city of Avola. He also invested in good unions. He married off his daughter to the Baron Ferdinando de Ribera and his granddaughter to Francesco, eldest son of the Duke of Montalto. Both ladies were given conspicuous dowries, the descriptions of which survive in the family archives.
His business affairs were administered with efficiency. The surviving papers including many of his letters make the point. He was always aware of what was happening and crosschecked his information through a series of agents in Malta, Sicily, Naples and Rome. His income in later years would certainly suffice for him to buy a palazzo such as Casa Rocca Piccola without any need to touch his capital. He organised the education of his sons through his contacts: Angelo went to Siena and was made to take Holy Orders against his will; Felicissimo Antonio went to Lyons he pre-deceased his father; Vincenzo, his adored grandson and heir, went to Rome, under the tutelage of the Albani.
Gio’Pio was conscientious and even religious. He endowed charities: he helped spinsters, and donated altars and embellishments, he gave oil and legacies for masses to churches. He died in 1752 after his son, and was succeeded by his grandson. He is buried with his wife in his family vault under an intarsio marble tombstone in the main isle of the Church of St. Francis in Valletta.
Antonio Felicissimo, Baroncino of Budach and Marchesino de Piro, died before his father. He was Secreto to Grand Master Despuig. He married Elena Grech Balzani as his third wife in 1736 and died in 1738. From this final union was born a son and heir.
[edit] Second Marquis
Vincenzo was the second Baron of Budach and second Marquis de Piro (1736-1799). He became a Jurat and also Procurator of the Inquisition. He was interested in military tactics and operations and was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Royal Sicilian Regiment. He helped to raise the rebellion against the French invaders, and was elected to be one of the four representatives of the people. He married Maria Testaferrata Abela, daughter of the third Baron of Gomerino in 1757. He died in 1799 having nominated his eldest son to the Barony and his second son to the Marquisate.
[edit] Barons of Budach
Antonio, the third Baron of Budach (1758-1806), was not left the Marquisate because of his liaison with one Maria Teresa Speranza Campanella de lo Re. They produced four children out of wedlock, two of whom took Holy Orders. The couple eventually married and were blessed with a legitimate scholarly and erudite heir.
Sir Giuseppe Maria G.C.M.G. the fourth Baron of Budach (1794-1870), was the author of A History of the Plague of 1813 and Pieces of History (both written in Italian). The second book was an impassioned answer to Adolphus Slade's vitriolic and denigrating commentary on Malta. In his book Giuseppe Maria listed Maltese savants and artists together with their creditable works of merit. He set out to prove that his compatriots had been the principal factors in procuring their emancipation and had voluntarily submitted to England’s help; and that the latter, it had to be remembered, had not lost a single soldier in the procurement of Malta.
According to William Hardiman's History of Malta Sir G.M. was an aspirant to the government of the Islands (p.643). He married the wealthy Antonia Moscati Gatto Xara, the third Baroness of Benwarrad, and widow of Sir Paolo Parisio G.C.M.G. They lived in the Palazzo Parisio in Valletta where Napoleon had chosen to spend his days in Malta. It was he who presented the "Majmuna Stone" (now in the Gozo Museum) to the nation. Governor Reid historically appointed him first Maltese Captain Commandant of the Malta Militia. He died without legitimate heirs in 1870 and was succeeded by his sister.
Francesca, the fifth Baroness of Budach, was a spinster. She inherited the title from her brother and died 7 years later in 1877. She attempted to leave her title and estates to the Bishop of Gozo. Following a successful claim in the courts by Giuseppe de Piro, she was succeeded by him. Giuseppe was the eldest son of her deceased first cousin Carmelo.
Giuseppe ("Pinu"), the 6th Baron of Budach (1845-1916), was a bachelor, a dandy, a keen gardener, and enthusiastic builder and lover of the ceremonial. He was a Knight of Cape and Sword at the Vatican. He devoted his energies to building some noteworthy follies, among them a villa in Rome, a neo-Gothic house in Mdina, and perhaps he created the finest garden in Malta attached to his Villa Gourgion in Lija. He allowed his cousins the Marquises Francesco Xaverio and Giuseppe Lorenzo to use the title and indeed even enjoy some of the patrimony; his lawsuit over the inheritance of Francesca had established him as the senior de Piro heir and he had no desire to upset his cousins. His own heir was not his younger brother, Alessandro (1849-1899), because Alessandro died first.
Alessandro had married the heiress Orsola Agius Caruana and she brought a great palazzo in Florence into the family. It had been the seat of the Florentine Commandery and Embassy of the Knights of Malta in the days of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. One of their seven sons, Monsignor Giuseppe de Piro founded the Missionary Society of St. Paul (MSSP) and is now a strong candidate for beatification. Pinu's heirs were his nephews, Igino who inherited his titles and the entails of the barony of Budach and the de Piro marquisate; his younger brother Pio inherited the large Gourgion estates.
Igino (1874-1942) was the seventh Baron of Budach, educated at the Lyceum and the Royal University of Malta. He married Nicolina, daughter of Felicissimo Apap Bologna, the fourth Marquis of Gnien-is-Sultan. He fought in the Second Boer War and was present at the Siege of Ladysmith (he received the Queen’s Medal three clasps). He was Adjutant for five years to the Ninth Battalion The King’s Liverpool Regiment. He retired to return to Malta. He was elected President of the Senate and served on the Committee of Privileges of the Maltese Nobility. He was the only member of the Maltese aristocracy in the National Assembly to vote in favor of the adoption of the Maltese language as part of the Constitution. He was elected President of the Casino Maltese. He represented Malta at the Coronation of King George VI. A was a keen gardener and stamp collector, his homes were in Valletta, Attard (now the Malta residence of Grand Master Bertie), St Paul’s Bay and Florence. His heir was his only son.
Jerome was the eight Baron of Budach (1914-1996), educated at Collège Champittet, Lausanne, Switzerland. He served as a gunner in World War II in the 2nd A.A. Regiment of the Royal Malta Artillery (he received the Africa Star, 1939-45 Star, War Medal 1939-45, Victory Medal). He had been a member of the Committee of Privileges of the Maltese Nobility for 40 years and was for a long period its President. On his retirement, he was elected President of the Committee of Privileges Emeritus ad vitam. Jerome represented the Maltese Nobility in the National Congress and in the National Assembly; and also at the Coronation of H.M. Queen Elizabeth II. He was a Knight of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He married Phyllis Cassar Torreggiani and they had 5 children: Nicholas, Madeleine, Mary, Elizabeth, and Margaret.
[edit] Third Marquis
Giusepe, the third Marquis de Piro (d. 1852) was a second son who also inherited the great Gourgion estates. From September 15, 1799 to September 8, 1800 he was captain of the insurgent and heroic troops called "Cacciatori Maltesi." Under British rule he became Colonel of the Royal Malta Fencible Regiment and completed 47 years and 194 days service. A document dated 1888 declares that during the siege of Valletta, "Col. The Marquis Giuseppe de Piro C.M.G. was always selected by his colleagues to convey personally the dispatches to Lord Nelson." He was succeeded by his eldest son.
[edit] Fourth Marquis
Adriano, the fourth Marquis de Piro (1817-1866), died unmarried, and the next in line was his brother Dr. Carmelo de Piro M.D. (1820-1869), however it was their younger brother who was nominated.
[edit] Fifth Marquis
Francesco Xaverio, the fifth Marquis de Piro (1824-1894), married Adelaide Testaferrata, daughter of the fifth Marquis Cassar Desain. He was a member of the Council of Government; sometime President of the Committee of Privileges of the Maltese Nobility; and Lieutenant Colonel commanding the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery. He retired at the rank of Colonel in 1884.
[edit] Sixth Marquis
Giuseppe Lorenzo, the sixth Marquis de Piro, was born in 1858 and was educated at Stonyhurst College. He was made C.M.G. on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. He was Chamberlain to Pope Leo XIII; A.D.C. to the Governor of Malta; a Knight of Malta; Lieutenant Colonel commanding the 1st Battalion of the Royal Malta Militia. He became a legend in the mess due to his gourmandish proclivity and capacity. His brass bed was so enormous that on one occasion when it was moved to his summer residence it was mistaken for a bandstand. He was succeeded by his only daughter.
[edit] Seventh Marquis
Adelina Victoria, the seventh Marchioness de Piro in her own right (1892-1962), used the title by consent of the senior line. She was a renowned beauty and married Kenneth MacPherson. They lived in Lija and Monaco and produced no heirs.
[edit] Eighth Marquis
Jerome (b. 1914) was recognised as eighth Marquis de Piro by the Committee of Privileges of the Maltese Nobility. He relinquished his title in favor of his only son by special permission of the Committee.
[edit] Ninth Marquis
Nicholas (b. 1941) is the ninth and present Marquis de Piro and Baron of Budach. He married Frances Elizabeth Wilson on October 1, 1970. They had the following children: Cosmo, Clement, Louisa, and Anton. The family lived at Painswick House in Gloucestershire for 14 years between 1976 and 1990 before returning to Malta. Nicholas is the author of a number of books:
- Lost Letters (with Kenneth Zammit Tabona and others, Pedigree Books London)
- The International Dictionary of Artists who Painted Malta
- Picking Through The Stones, Notions, Nostalgia and Nonsense Poems (both Said International, Malta); Valletta; Mdina;
- The Temple of the Knights of Malta (all three Miranda Publications with photographs by Daniel Cilia)
- Costume in Malta (contributor and joint-editor with Vicki Ann Cremona)
- The Sovereign Palaces of Malta
- The Quality of Malta
- The Innocence of Ina is scheduled for publication before Christmas.
Nicholas has four grandchildren: Serafina, Nicholas, Mary Benedicta, and Edward.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Said Vassallo, C.M., Unpublished research papers.
- Said Vassallo, C.M.,Charles Said-Vassallo's Research site and Maltese Nobility web site.
- Montalto, J., "The Nobles of Malta-1530-1800", Midsea Books Ltd, Malta, 1980.
- Burkes Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage of the UK.- 1914 ed.
- Cassar Desain, Marchese L.A., " Genealogia della famiglia Testaferrata di Malta." Malta, 1880.
- Gauci,C.A.," The Genealogy and Heraldry of the Noble Families of Malta", Gulf Publishing Ltd, Malta, 1981.
- Gauci,C.A.," The Genealogy and Heraldry of the Noble Families of Malta, Volume Two", Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd, 1992.
- Gauci,C.A and Mallet, P.,"The Palaeologos Family- A Genealogical Review" ,Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd, 1985
- Gauci, C.A.," A Guide to the Maltese Nobility", Publishers Enterprise Group (PEG) Ltd, Malta, 1986.
- Giles Ash, S., "The Nobility of Malta", Publishers Enterprises Group (PEG) Ltd, 1988.
