Mark Lindley

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Mark Lindley (1937-) is both a noted musicologist and, more recently, a historian of modern India. Born in Washington DC, he studied at Harvard University (A.B.), Juilliard School of Music (M.S.) and Columbia University (D. Phil.). He has taught at various universities, including Columbia University, City University of New York, Washington University, University of London, Oxford University, University of Regensburg, Chinese University of Hong Kong, University of Kerala, Istanbul Technical University, Yildiz Technical University and Bogaziçi University.

As a historian of modern India, his concentratration has been on the independence struggle, with a particular focus on Mahatma Gandhi and some of his associates. His writings on Gandhi include:

"Gandhi and Humanism" (Humanist Chaplaincy, Harvard University, 3rd ed., 2005).

"Gandhi and the World Today (1998), A Recent American View" (University of Kerala).

"Gandhiji ko yeh kaise vishwagaya ki antarjatiya vivahse, jati pratha ka unmulan karna hosa" (National Gandhi Museum, New Delhi, 1998).

"Gandhi's Rhetoric" (in "Journal of Literature and Aesthetics", 1999).

Gandhi as We Have Known Him, with Lavanam Gora (National Gandhi Museum, New Delhi, 2005).

Currently, Dr. Lindley is working on a book about the Indian economist,J. C. Kumarappa, who was a close associate of Gandhi. This book is due to be published in September 2006 by Popular Prakashan, Mumbai. He is also working on a book about Gora, a noted twentieth century Indian social worker and activist, who was an associate of Gandhi.

Dr. Lindley is also known as the author of a great number of papers in musicology, and is regarded as an expert on the history of tempered tunings, of early keyboard fingerings, and of the chromatic scale. His musicological writings include:

"A systematic approach to chromaticism" (in Systematische Musikwissenschaft/Systematic Musicology/Musicologie Systèmatique, 1994).

Mathematical Models of Musical Scales, A New Approach (with R. Turner-Smith, Verlag für Systematische Musikwissenschaft, 1993).

"Stimmung und Temperatur" (in F. Zaminer, ed., Geschichte der Musiktheorie, Vol. 6: Hören, Messen und Rechnen in der Frühen Neuzeit (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1987).

Lutes, Viols and Temperaments (Cambridge University Press, 1984).

Beethoven's Piano Variations, Opus 34: Genesis, Structure, Performance (with K.-J. Sachs, Schott, 2006).

"A quest for Bach's ideal style of organ temperament" (in M. Lustig, ed., Stimmungen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert, Michaelstein, 1997).

"La «pratica ben regolata» di Francesco Antonio Vallotti" (in Rivista Italiana di Musicologia, 1980).

"Early 16th-century keyboard temperaments" (in Musica Disciplina, 1974)

"Euphony in Dufay: harmonic 3rds and 6ths with explicit sharps in the early songs" (with G. Boone, in the 2004 Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Instituts für Musikforschung, Berlin).

"Marx und Engels über die Musik" (in Aufklärung und Kritik, 1997).

Early Keyboard Fingerings, A Comprehensive Guide (with M. Boxall, Schott, 1992), Ars Ludendi: Early German Keyboard Fingerings (Tre Fontane, 1993).

"Early English keyboard fingerings" (in Basler Jahrbuch für Historische Musikpraxis, 1980).

"Keyboard technique and articulation: evidence for the performance practices of Bach, Handel and Scarlatti" (in P. Williams, ed., Bach, Handel and Scarlatti:Tercentenary Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1985).

"An introduction to Alessandro Scarlatti's *Toccata prima*" (in Early Music, 1982).

Currently, Dr. Lindley is working on a book about technical aspects of Tonartencharakteristiken.