MALT lymphoma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Endoscopic image of gastric MALT lymphoma taken in body of stomach in patient who presented with upper GI hemorrhage. Appearance is similar to gastric ulcer with adherent clot. | |
| OMIM | 604860 |
| DiseasesDB | 31339 |
| MeSH | D018442 |
MALT lymphoma is a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), frequently of the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can be afflicted. It is a cancer originating from B cells in the marginal zone of the MALT.
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[edit] Associations
Gastric MALT lymphoma is frequently associated (72-98%) with chronic inflammation as a result of the presence of Helicobacter pylori. [1]
The initial diagnosis is made by biopsy of suspicious lesions on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, upper endoscopy).
In other sites, chronic immune stimulation is also suspected in the pathogenesis (e.g. association between chronic autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and MALT lymphoma of the salivary gland and the thyroid).
[edit] Treatment
If the disease is limited to the stomach (which is assessed with computed tomography), then 70-80% of patients will be cured by treatment with antibiotic eradication of H. pylori. [2]
In contrast, if the disease has spread or has been refractory on antibiotics, chemotherapy may need to be considered.
A t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to a AP12-MLT fusion gene, is predictive of poor response to eradication therapy. [3]
Two other genetic alterations, t(1;14)(p22;q32) and t(14;18)(q32;q21), which deregulated BCL10 and MALT1-genes respectively, seem to convert on the same pathway as API2-MLT (i.e., that of NF-kB).
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb A, Warnke R, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman J, Friedman G (1994). "Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma.". N Engl J Med 330 (18): 1267-71. PMID 8145781.
- ^ Bayerdörffer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, Thiede C, Lehn N, Eidt S, Stolte M (1995). "Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.". Lancet 345 (8965): 1591-4. PMID 7783535.
- ^ Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A, Ye H, Molina T, Bouhnik Y, Hamoudi R, Diss T, Dogan A, Megraud F, Rambaud J, Du M, Isaacson P (2001). "Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.". Lancet 357 (9249): 39-40. PMID 11197361.
