Lyric Suite
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Lyric Suite is a six-movement work for string quartet written by Alban Berg between 1925 and 1926. Though publicly dedicated to Alexander von Zemlinsky (from whose 'Lyric Symphony' it quotes, the work has recently been revealed to possess a 'secret dedication' and outline a 'secret programme'. Berg himself arranged three of the movements for string orchestra.
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[edit] Composition and analysis
According to Berg's friend and Schoenberg pupil Erwin Stein, "The work (Ist and VIth part, the main part of the IIIrd and the middle section of the Vth) has been mostly written strictly in accordance with Schoenberg's technique of the 'Composition with 12 inwardly related tones.' A set of 12 different tones gives the rough material of the composition, and the portions which have been treated more freely still adhere more or less to the technique."
According to Rene Leibowitz (1947) it is "entirely written in the twelve-tone technique, [it] is a sonata movement without the development. Thus the recapitulation follows directly upon the exposition; but, because of the highly advanced twelve-tone technique of variation, everything in this movement is developmental."
However, the first analysis was undertaken by H.F. Redlich (1957), who notices that, "the first movement of the Lyric Suite develops out of the disorder of intervals in its first bar, the notes of which, strung out horizontally, present the complete chromatic scale, and from this in the second and following bars, grows the Basic Set in its thematic shape."
Theodor Adorno called the quartet "a latent opera" (Sandberger, 1996). Redlich (ibid, p.142) described, "the concealed vocality of the Lyric Suite," despite having no knowledge of the setting of Baudelaire in the finale movement, deciphered by Douglass M. Green in 1976 from what George Perle calls "Berg's cryptic notations". Perle discovered a complete copy of the first edition annotated by Berg for his dedicatee, Hanna Fuchs-Robettin (Franz Werfel's sister, with whom Berg had an affair in the 1920s), later that year. (Perle, 1990).
Berg used the motif, A-B-H-F, to combine Alban Berg (A.B.) and Hanna Fuchs-Robettin (H.F.) (AMG). This is most prominent in movement three. Berg also quotes a melody from Zemlinsky's Lyric Symphony in movement four which originally set the words "You are mine own". In the last movement, according to Berg's self-analysis, the, "entire material, the tonal element too...as well as the Tristan motif" is developed "by strict adherence to the 12-note series."(Sandberger, 1996)
Despite assertions by Berg and others, George Perle, however, "had not yet been informed, as Leibowitz and Redlich were by the time they came to write their respective books, that everything in the 'strictly' dodecaphonic first movement had to be derived from a single serial ordering of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale." Rather, he, "recognized that the first three chords unfold tetrachordal segments of a single statement of the cycle of fifths (C7), and that at the bottom of the same page, in bars 7-9, the cello presents a linear statement of the same cycle." The second violin unfolds "the initial tetrachordal segmentation of the perfect-5th cycle," again at the beginning of the recapitulation. He asks: "How could one [think] of the initial bar as 'disordered'? If anything is to be designated as an Urform here, surely it is this perfect-5th cycle, given its background role in relation to the tone row and other components of the movement."
[edit] Recordings
The piece has been recorded and released on:
- Juilliard String Quartet (1996). Intimate Letters. Sony Classical SK 66840.
- Kronos Quartet & Dawn Upshaw (2003). Berg: Lyric Suite. Nonesuch
[edit] Movements
- Allegretto gioviale
- Andante amoroso
- Allegro misterioso - Trio estatico
- Adagio appassionato
- Presto delirando - Tenebroso
- Largo desolato
[edit] Tone rows
[edit] Movement I
- according to George Perle, pitch classes. He also depicts it in the following way:
[edit] Movement III
- according to Wolfgang Stroh, pitch classes
- according to George Perle, pitches
[edit] Movement VI
- tone row 1
- tone row 2, derived from tone row 1
[edit] Constructive rhythm
- Stroh (Perle, 1990).
[edit] Sources
- George Perle (1990). The Listening Composer. California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06991-9.
- Perle, George (1977). "The Secret Program of the Lyric Suite", International Alban Berg Newsletter 5 (June).
- Stein, Erwin (). Lyric Suite score. Prefatory notes by Stein.
- Leibowitz, Rene (1947). Schoenberg et son ecole (1947) [Schoenberg and his School, p.157 (1949)]. Paris: Janin [New York: Philosophical Library]. [Translated by Dika Newlin]
- Redlich, H.F. (1957). Alban Berg, the Man and His Music, p.135f (1957). London: John Calder.
- Douglass M. Green (1977). "Berg's De Profundis: The Finale of the Lyric Suite", International Alban Berg Newsletter 5 (June).
- Wolfgang Sandberger, liner notes (1996). Intimate Letters. Sony Classical SK 66840. Translated by Stewart Spencer.
- Wolfgang Martin Stroh (1968). "Alban Berg's 'Constructive Rhythm'", Perspectives of New Music VII/I (Fall-Winter): 26.
- http://www.allclassical.com/cg/acg.dll?p=acg&sql=2:53893
