Loudoun Hill
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| Loudoun Hill | |
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 Loudoun Hill from the east side |
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| Elevation | 316 m (1037 ft) |
| Location | East Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Prominence | c. 66 m |
| Topo map | OS Landranger 71 |
| OS grid reference | NS608379 |
Loudoun Hill, also commonly Loudounhill is a volcanic plug in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It is located near the head of the Irvine Water, east of Darvel. Several historical battles have been fought around Loudoun Hill.
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[edit] Location
The A71 Edinburgh - Kilmarnock road passes by the base of the hill. This route follows a Roman road which linked the Clyde Valley with the Ayrshire coast. Loudoun Hill's position at the highest point on this route gives it huge strategic significance. The hill stands above moorland, and commands 360 degree views. On clear days the coast, 15 km away, and the Isle of Arran beyond, are visible.
Loudoun Hill has long been a site of human occupation. An iron age settlement is located at the foot of the south east slope. Nearby at Allanton Beg a Roman fort was built. The Darvel and Strathaven Railway passed the hill, crossing a viaduct whose piers still stand, although the bridge itself was removed as unsafe in 1986.
[edit] William Wallace
Sir William Wallace ambushed and defeated an English force at Loudoun Hill in 1296, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. It is thought that the battle site was to the south of the hill, at the end of the 'Windy Wizzen' (or 'Winny Wizzen'), a narrow gully near the former Roman Fort. According to the account of the minstrel Blind Harry, the English force of around 200 mounted men was heading west to the garrison at Ayr. Wallace's rebels, numbering perhaps 50, hid in the gully, constructing dykes to further narrow the way. Blind Harry tells how the English General Fenwick, who supposedly killed Wallace's father, was killed during the battle. The remainder of his troops were scattered, and the supplies he was carrying were left to the Scots.
Maps of the area name a mound to the east of Loudoun Hill as 'Wallace's Grave'. Traditionally this is the burial site of the English dead, rather than Wallace's own grave. On the slope opposite the mound is a monument to Wallace. Called the 'Spirit of Scotland', it shows an outline of Wallace in steel, five metres high. It was designed and created by local artist Richard Price, and dedicated in September 2004.
[edit] The Battle of Loudoun Hill
The engagement remembered as the Battle of Loudoun Hill took place ten years later, in 1307. Robert Bruce, following his flight to Ireland after the Battle of Methven, had returned to Scotland to begin his campaign to wrest his kingdom back from Edward I of England. He claimed his first major victory over the English at the Battle of Glen Trool in April 1307.
Robert Bruce adopted almost the same site, although slightly further east, and similar tactics, for another encounter with English forces, this time under Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. On 10th May, Bruce's men dug a series of trenches, forcing the English towards boggy ground around Loch Gait. This allowed the 500–600 Scots to repulse an army of 3000. The first attack broke, and the English fled the field. Following the battle, Bruce left his brother Edward Bruce in command of the area, and headed north to continue his guerilla campaign in Buchan.
[edit] Covenanters
On 1 June 1679 a large conventicle, or outdoor religious service, was held at Loudoun Hill. The service was organised by the outlawed Covenanters, but was well attended. John Graham of Claverhouse, recently appointed to suppress the religious rebels, heard about the conventicle and headed to the area. His attempt to break up the gathering led to a skirmish known as the Battle of Drumclog, in which Claverhouse's dragoons were humiliatingly routed. The battle site lies around 1 km east of the hill.
