Loevinger's stages of ego development
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Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development includes nine sequential stages, each of which represents a progressively more complex way of perceiving oneself in relation to the world.
Contents |
[edit] Infancy
- Presocial
- No ego
- Not Differentiated from the World
- Symbiotic
- Self-Nonself Differentiation
- Stability of Objects
[edit] Impulsive
- Curbed by Restraints, Rewards & Punishments
- Others are Seen as What They Can Give
- "Nice to Me" or "Mean to Me"
- Present-Centred
- Physical but not Psychological Causation
[edit] Self-Protective
- Anticipates Rewards & Punishments
- First Self-Control
- "Don’t Get Caught"
- Externalize Blame
- Opportunistic Hedonism
[edit] Conformist
- Take in Rules of the Group
- No Self Apart from Others
- Other’s Disapproval is Sanction
- Not Only Fear of Punishment
- Rules and Norms not Distinguished
- Rejects Out-Group
- Stereotypes Roles
- Security = Belonging
- Behaviours Judged Externally not by Intentions
[edit] Self-Aware
- Self Distinct from Norms & Expectations
- First Inner Life
- Banal Feelings Always in Reference to Others
- Pseudo-Trait Conceptions
- Modal Stage of Adults
[edit] Conscientious
- Goals and Ideals
- Sense of Responsibility
- Rules are Internalized
- Guilt is From Hurting Another, not Breaking Rules
- Having Self Apart from Group
- Standards are Self-Chosen
- Traits are Part of Rich Interior World
- Standards Distinguished from Manners
- Motives and not Just Actions
- Sees Self from Other Point of View
[edit] Individualistic
- Distancing from Role Identities
- Subjective Experience as Opposed to Objective Reality
- Greater Tolerance of Self & Others
- Relationships Cause Dependency
- Awareness of Inner Conflict
- Inner Reality Vs. Outward Appearance
- Psychological Causality and Development
[edit] Autonomous
- Inner Conflicts of Needs Vs Duties
- Polarity, Complexity, Multiple Facets
- Integrate Ideas
- Tolerate Ambiguity
- Freeing from Conscience
- Concern for Emotional Interdependence
- Integrates Different Identities
- Self-Fulfillment
- How They Function in Different Roles
[edit] Integrated
- Transcendence of Conflicts
- Self-Actualizing
- Fully Worked Out Identity
[edit] See also
- Jean Piaget, Theory of cognitive development
- Erik Erikson, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
- James W. Fowler, Stages of faith development
- Lawrence Kohlberg, Kohlberg's stages of moral development.
[edit] References
- Loevinger, J. (1976) Ego Development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
