List of victims of Nazism

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The Holocaust
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Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933 to 1939

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Death camps: Auschwitz · Belzec · Chełmno · Majdanek · Treblinka · Sobibór · Jasenovac  · Warsaw

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The Destruction of the European Jews
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This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements.

This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as a result of Nazism. This list includes those whose deaths were part of The Holocaust as well as individuals who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

This list is sorted by occupation and within by nationality.

Trzebinia subcamp.
Enlarge
Trzebinia subcamp.


Contents

[edit] Literature and publishing

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Georg Hermann died 1943 Auschwitz writer
Franz Hessel died 1941 Sanary-sur-Mer author, translator
Mordechai Gebirtig 1877-1942 Yiddish poet, musician and composer
Jakob van Hoddis died 1942 Sobibór writer
Milena Jesenská died 1944 Ravensbrück journalist
Marcell Klang died 1942 Mauthausen writer
Jochen Klepper died 1942 suicide in Berlin writer
Erich Knauf died 1944 in Brandenburg journalist, poet
Gertrud Kolmar died 1943 Auschwitz writer
Anton de Kom died 1945 in Neuengamme author, human rights activist
Alma Maria König died 1942 in Minsk writer
Adam Kuckhoff died 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee writer, dramatist, resistance fighter
Walter Landauer died 1944 Bergen-Belsen publisher
Walter Lindenbaum died 1945 Buchenwald writer
Philip Mechanicus died 1945 Auschwitz journalist
Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger died 1942 writer
Erich Mühsam died 1934 Oranienburg writer, anarchist
Willi Münzenberg died 1940 suicide/murder in France publisher, politician
Irène Némirovsky died 1942 Auschwitz writer
Carl von Ossietzky died 1938 Berlin publicist
Ruth Rewald died 1942 Auschwitz writer
Erich Salomon died 1944 Auschwitz photojournalist
Libertas Schulze-Boysen died 1942 Berlin-Plötzensee film critic, resistance fighter
Jura Soyfer died 1939 Buchenwald writer
Else Ury died 1943 Auschwitz writer
David Vogel died 1944/5 Auschwitz writer
Ernst Weiss died 1940 suicide, Paris writer
Theodor Wolff died 1943 Berlin writer, publicist
Stefan Zweig died 1942 suicide, Brazil writer
Else Feldmann 1884-1942 Austrian writer and journalist
Egon Friedell 1878-1938 Austrian writer and philosopher
Peter Hammerschlag 1902-1942 Austrian writer and graphic artist
Jura Soyfer 1912-1939 Austrian journalist
Yitzhak Katzenelson 1886-1944 Belarussian teacher, writer
Petr Ginz 1928–1944 Czech editor of Vedem
Julius Fučík 1903-1943 Czech resistance leader
Paul Kornfeld 1889-1942 Czech writer
Karel Poláček 1892-1944 Czech writer
Vladislav Vančura 1891-1942 Prague Czech writer, doctor
Etty Hillesum 1914-1943 Auschwitz Dutch writer, diary author
Helga Deen 1925-1943 Dutch author of a published diary
Benjamin Fondane 1898-1944 French poet, literary critic
Walter Benjamin 1892-1940 German literary critic and philosopher
Felix Fechenbach 1894-1933 German journalist and activist
Anne Frank 1929-1945 German author of a published diary
Walter Hasenclever 1890-1940 German expressionist writer
Friedrich Münzer 1868-1942 German philologist
Miklós Radnóti 1909-1944 Hungarian poet
Antal Szerb 1901-1945 Hungarian writer, literary scholar
Bruno Schulz 1892-1942 Polish writer

[edit] Theatre and film

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Ernst Arndt died 1942/3 Treblinka Film actor
Maria Bard died 1944 suicide, Berlin? actress (suicide)
Hans Behrendt died 1942 en route to Auschwitz film director, screenplay writer, actor
Horst Birr died 1944 Berlin actor, film comedian
Eugen Burg died 1944 Theresienstadt actor
Robert Dorsay died 1941 suicide, Bremen actor
Max Ehrlich died 1944 Auschwitz actor
Kurt Gerron died 1944 Auschwitz performer, actor, film director
Dora Gerson died 1943 Auschwitz actress, singer
Emil Goldmann died 1942 Mauthausen film director
Joachim Gottschalk died 1941 suicide, Berlin actor
Fritz Grünbaum died 1941 Dachau actor
Hans Henninger died 1937 suicide, Ort? film actor
Kurt Lilien died 1943 Sobibór actor
Hans Meyer-Hanno died 1945 Berlin film actor, stage designer, draughtsman, resistance fighter
Paul Morgan died 1938 Buchenwald actor
Paul Otto died 1943 suicide, Berlin actor
Joseph Schmidt died 1942 Gyrenbad singer, actor
Otto Wallburg died 1944 Auschwitz actor
Meta Wolf died 1941 suicide, Berlin actress
Hana Brady 1931-1944 Czech girl portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story
René Blum 1878-1942 French founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo
Dora Gerson 1899-1943 German actress, cabaret singer

[edit] Visual arts and design

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Alma del Banco died 1943 suicide, Hamburg painter, graphic artist
Otti Berger died 1944 Auschwitz textile artist
Josef Čapek died 1945 Bergen-Belsen painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer
Ernst Epstein died 1938 suicide, Vienna architect
Henri Epstein died 1944 Auschwitz painter
Otto Freundlich died 1943 Majdenek painter, graphic artist, sculptor, philosopher
Bedrich Fritta  (Fritz Taussig) died 1944 Auschwitz illustrator, caricaturist
Peter Kien died 1944 Auschwitz painter, poet
Imre Kinszki died 1945 Sachsenhausen photographer, writer
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner died 1938 suicide, Davos painter
Julo Levin died 1943 Auschwitz painter
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler died 1940 Aktion T4 victim, Pirna painter
Käthe Löwenthal died 1942 Izbica painter
Valentin Nagel died 1942 Munich painter
František Moric Nágl died 1944 Auschwitz painter
Else Neulaender-Simon  (Yva) died 1942 Majdanek photographer
Felix Nussbaum died 1944 Auschwitz painter
Erich Ohser  (e.o. plauen) died 1944 suicide before execution, Berlin caricaturist, painter
Nicolaus Rossini died 1943 Kraków-Płaszów painter
Hubert Rüther died 1945 Dresden painter
Franz Graf Schaffgotsch died 1942 Dubrovnik painter
Malvina Schalková died 1944 Auschwitz painter
Luise Straus-Ernst died 1944 Auschwitz artist and art historian
Heinrich Tischler died 1938 en route to Buchenwald painter
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis 1896-1944 Austrian artist
Felix Nussbaum 1904-1944 Austrian painter
Josef Čapek 1887-1945 Czech painter, writer
Samuel J. de Mesquita 1868-1944 Dutch painter and designer
Abraham Icek Tuschinski 1886-1942 Dutch designer of the Tuschinski Theater
Max Jacob 1876-1944 French artist
Charlotte Salomon 1917-1943 Auschwitz German painter
Jan Rubczak 1884-1942 Polish painter, graphic artist
Nicolaus Rossini 1898-1943 Polish artist, wartime hero

[edit] Music

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Pavel Haas 1899- 1944 Auschwitz Czech composer
Gideon Klein 1919-1945 Auschwitz Czech composer
Hans Krása 1899-1944 Auschwitz Czech (Bohemian) composer
Erwin Schulhoff 1894-1942 Czech composer, jazz pianist
Viktor Ullmann 1898-1944 Czech composer, pianist
Karlrobert Kreiten died 1943 Berlin-Plötzensee German pianist
Alma Rosé died 1944 Auschwitz Austrian violinist, conductor
Leo Smit 1900-1943 Dutch composer

[edit] Humanities

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Walter Benjamin died 1940 suicide to avoid extradition, Portbou philosopher
Marc Bloch died 1944 Saint-Didier-de-Formans historian
Ludwig Brügel died 1942 Theresienstadt historian
Mildred Harnack died 1943 Berlin-Plötzensee literary historian, translator, resistance fighter
David Koker died 1945 en route from Groß-Rosen to Dachau historian
Friedrich Münzer died 1942 Theresienstadt classical scholar
Elise Richter died 1943 Theresienstadt Romance philology professor
Anselm Ruest died 1943 Carpentras literary historian, philosopher
Simon Dubnow 1860-1941 Belarussian historian, writer, activist
Norbert Jokl 1877-1942 Czech albanologist
Marc Bloch 1886-1944 French historian, resistance leader
Maurice Halbwachs 1877-1945 French philosopher
Georges Politzer 1902-1942 French philosopher

[edit] Mathematics

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Ludwig Berwald died 1942 Łódź Ghetto mathematician
Otto Blumenthal died 1944 Theresienstadt mathematician
Felix Hausdorff died 1942 suicide, Bonn mathematician, one of the founders of modern topology
Friedrich Hartogs died 1943 suicide, Großhesselohe mathematician
Adolf Lindenbaum died 1941 Ghetto Vilnius mathematician
Robert Remak died 1942 Auschwitz mathematician
Georg Rick died 1942 Theresienstadt mathematician
Stanislaw Saks died 1942 murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw mathematician
Juliusz Pawel Schauder died 1943 murdered by Gestapo, Lemberg mathematician
Alfred Tauber died 1942 Theresienstadt mathematician
Georg Alexander Pick 1859-1943 Austrian mathematician
Antoni Łomnicki 1881-1941 Polish mathematician
Stanisław Ruziewicz 1889-1941 Polish mathematician
Włodzimierz Stożek 1883-1941 Polish mathematician

[edit] Natural sciences

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Walter Arndt died 1944 executed, Brandenburg zoologist
Felix Auerbach died 1933 suicide, Jena physicist
France Bloch-Sérazin died 1942 Hamburg chemist
Ernst Cohen 1869-1944 Dutch chemist

[edit] Medicine, psychology, paedagogy

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Janusz Korczak died 1942 Treblinka doctor, educator, writer
Adolf Reichwein died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee doctor, educator, politician
Elisabeth von Thadden died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee educator
Arno Philippsthal died 1933 mistreatment in custody, Güsten doctor
Lucja Frey-Gottesman died 1943 executed, Belzec doctor, researcher
Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński 1874-1941 Polish gynaecologist, artist
Antoni Cieszyński 1882-1941 Polish physician, dentist, surgeon
Władysław Dobrzaniecki 1897-1941 Polish physician, surgeon
Janusz Korczak 1878-1942 Polish doctor, child physician, wartime hero

[edit] Law, business

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Klaus Bonhoeffer died 1945 executed, Berlin jurist
Hans von Dohnanyi died 1945 executed, Sachsenhausen jurist
Ernst Eckstein died 1933 Breslau-Dürrgoy jurist, politician
Reinhold Frank died 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee lawyer
Martin Gauger died 1941 NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein jurist, pacifist
Maurice Halbwachs died 1945 Buchenwald sociologist, economist, philosopher
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke d. 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee jurist
Karl Sack d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg jurist
Rüdiger Schleicher d. 1945 executed, Berlin
Cläre Tisch d. 1941 missing, Minsk economist
Friedrich Weißler d. 1937 Sachsenhausen jurist
Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee jurist
Arvid Harnack died 1942 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee jurist, national economist, resistance fighter
Hans Koch died 1945 executed, Berlin lawyer, resistance fighter
Elisabeth de Rothschild 1902-1945 French wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild
Franz Kaufmann 1886-1944 German jurist
Kazimierz Proszyński 1875-1945 Polish inventor

[edit] Theology, spirituality, religion

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Dietrich Bonhoeffer died 1945 (executed) Flossenbürg theologian
Juliusz Bursche died 1942 Gestapo-Gefängnis Berlin-Moabit evangelical regional bishop from Poland
Victor Dillard died 1945 Dachau priest
Alexander Falzmann died 1942 Dachau priest
Anton Fränznick died 1944 Dachau priest
Jakob Gapp died 1943 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee priest
Helmut Hesse died 1943 Dachau theologian
Regina Jonas d. 1944 Auschwitz Rabbi
Jochen Klepper d. 1942 suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin theologian, journalist
Carl Lampert d. 1944 executed, Halle an der Saale vicar?
Friedrich Lorenz d. 1944 executed, Halle an der Saale priest
Max Josef Metzger d. 1944 executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg priest
Kai Munk d. 1944, murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark theologian, writer
Paul Schneider d. 1939 Buchenwald clergyman
Herbert Simoleit d. 1944 executed, Halle an der Saale chaplain
Edith Stein d. 1942 Auschwitz theologian, philosopher, writer
Karl Ernst Krafft died 1945 during transport to Buchenwald astrologer, occultist
Edith Stein 1891-1942 German nun, Catholic saint (born Jewish)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 1906-1945 German Lutheran pastor, theologian
Rupert Mayer 1876-1945 German Jesuit priest
Sándor Büchler 1869-1944 Hungarian rabbi, historian
Avraham Yitzchak Bloch 1891-1941 Lithuanian Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva
Elchonon Wasserman 1875-1941 Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva
Azriel Rabinowitz 1905-1941 Lithuanian rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva
Shimon Shkop 1860-1940 Lithuanian rosh yeshiva, Talmudic sholar
Maximilian Kolbe 1894-1941 Polish friar, Catholic saint

[edit] Sport

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Werner Seelenbinder died 1944 executed, Brandenburg an der Havel wrestler
Johann Wilhelm Trollmann died 1943 Neuengamme boxer
Salo Landau 1903-1944 Dutch chess player

[edit] Politics, resistance

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Edgar André died 1936 executed, Hamburg Communist
Friedrich Aue died 1944 executed, Brandenburg Communist
Judith Auer died 1944 executed, Berlin resistance fighter
Bernhard Bästlein died 1944 executed, Brandenburg Communist
Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff died 1945 murdered in custody, Berlin diplomat
Cato Bontjes van Beek died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee resistance fighter
Rudolf Breitscheid died 1944 Buchenwald Social democrat
Hans Coppi died 1942 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee resistance fighter
Hilde Coppi died 1943 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee resistance fighter
Otto Eggerstedt died 1933 Esterwegen Social democrat
Fritz Elsas died 1945 Sachsenhausen politician
Georg Elser died 1945 executed, Dachau manual labourer, Rotfront-Kämpfer
Carl Friedrich Goerdeler died 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist
Herschel Grynszpan died Ort and Datum unbekannt, wahrscheinlich im Gestapo-Gefängnis Berlin-Moabit resistance fighter
Max Habermann died 1944 im Gefängnis von Gifhorn trade unionist
Albrecht Haushofer died 1945 executed, Berlin-Moabit diplomat, writer
Rudolf Henning died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen
Rudolf Hilferding died 1941 in Gestapo-Haft, Paris Social democrat
Otto Hirsch died 1941 Mauthausen concentration camp Representation of German Jews
Camill Hoffmann died 1944 Auschwitz diplomat, writer
Franz Jacob died 1944 executed, Brandenburg Communist
Walter Krämer died 1941 "shot while trying to escape", KZ Goslar Communist
Marian Kudera died 1944 executed, Dachau resistance fighter
Albert Kuntz died 1945 Nordhausen an den Folgen der Folter Communist
Ludwig Landmann died 5 March 1945, Versteck verhungert DDP Politician, Mayor of Frankfurt am Main
Julius Leber died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Socialist
Wilhelm Leuschner died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee Politician
Marinus van der Lubbe died 1934, Leipzig Communist
August Lütgens died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona Communist
Rosa Manus died 1943 Ravensbrück Women's rights advocate
Walter Möller died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona Communist
Ottilie Pohl died 1942 Theresienstadt resistance fighter
Fritz Pröll died 1944 suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen resistance fighter
Anton Saefkow died 1944 executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg Communist, resistance fighter
Ernst Schneller died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen KPD Politician
Werner Scholem died 1940 Buchenwald Communist
Hans Scholl died 1943 executed, München-Stadelheim resistance fighter, medical student
Sophie Scholl died 1943 executed, München-Stadelheim resistance fighter, student
Bruno Tesch died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona Communist
Ernst Thälmann died 1944 executed, Buchenwald KPD Politician
Mathias Thesen died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen
Adam von Trott zu Solz died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee diplomat
Karl Wolff died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona Communist
Richard Schmitz died 1938 Austrian mayor of Vienna
Georges Mandel 1885-1944 French politician, resistance leader
Victor Basch 1877-1945 French esthetician, politician
Jenő Deutsch  (Eugen Deutsch) 1879-1944 Hungarian social democratic politician [1]
Kazimierz Bartel 1882-1941 Polish Prime Minister of Poland 1926-1930
Stefan Rowecki 1895-1944 Polish general, journalist, leader of the Armia Krajowa
Stefan Starzyński 1893-1943 Polish politician, economist, writer, statesman

[edit] Military

Name Lifespan Nationality Achievements
Erich Fellgiebel d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee German officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich
Ludwig Beck d. 1944 shot, Berlin German General, Putschist
Werner von Haeften d. 1944 shot, Berlin jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
Erich Hoepner d. executed, Berlin-Plötzensee demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg
Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim d. 1944 shot, Berlin General, Putschist
Friedrich Olbricht d. 1944 shot, Berlin General, Putschist
Hans Oster d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg Chief of staff
Harro Schulze-Boysen d. 1942 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee officer, publicist
Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg d. 1944 shot, Berlin Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist
Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee military commander in occupied France
Henning von Tresckow d. 1944 suicide, near Ostrov, Russia Major General, Putschist
Erwin von Witzleben d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee retired Field Marshal
Wilhelm Canaris d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg German military information service

[edit] See also

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