List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes

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The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was the first multicellular organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.
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The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was the first multicellular organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.

This list of sequenced eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included.

DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.


Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion
Anopheles gambiae
Strain: PEST		 Mosquito Vector of malaria 27.8 Mb 13,683[1] Celera Genomics and Genoscope 2002[1]
Apis mellifera Honey bee 10,157[2] The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium 2006[2]
Arabidopsis thaliana
Ecotype:Columbia		 Wild mustard Model plant 120 Mb 25,498[3] Arabidopsis Genome Initiative[4] 2000[3]
Ashbya gossypii
Strain:ATCC 10895 		Fungus Plant pathogen 9.2 Mb 4,718[5] SyngentaAG and University of Basel 2004[5]
Aspergillus fumigatus
Strain:Af293		 Fungus Human pathogen 29.4 Mb 9,926[6] Sanger Institute, University of Manchester, TIGR, Institut Pasteur, Nagasaki University, University of Salamanca and OpGen 2005[6]
Aspergillus nidulans
Strain:FGSC A4		 Fungus Model organism 30 Mb 9,500[7] 2005[7]
Aspergillus oryzae
Strain:RIB40		 Fungus Used to ferment soy 37 Mb 12,074[8] National Institute of Technology and Evaluation 2005[8]
Bombyx mori
Strain:p50T		 Moth (domestic silk worm) Silk production 530 Mb University of Tokyo and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 2004[9]
Caenorhabditis briggsae Nematode worm For comparison with C. elegans 104 Mb 19,500[10] Washington University, Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2003[10]
Caenorhabditis elegans
Strain:Bristol N2		 Nematode worm Model animal 97 Mb 19,000[11] Washington University and the Sanger Institute 1998[11]
Candida glabrata
Strain:CBS138		 Fungus Human pathogen 12.3 Mb 5,283[12] Génolevures Consortium [13] 2004[12]
Canis familiaris Dog 2.4 Gb 19,300[14] Broad Institute and Agencourt Bioscience 2005[14]
Ciona intestinalis Tunicate Simple cordate 116.7 Mb 16,000[15] Joint Genome Institute 2003[15]
Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans
JEC21		 Fungus Human pathogen 20 Mb 6,500[16] TIGR and Stanford University 2005[16]
Cryptosporidium hominis
Strain:TU502		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen 10.4 Mb 3,994[17] Virginia Commonwealth University 2004[17]
Cryptosporidium parvum
C- or genotype 2 isolate		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen 16.5 Mb 3,807[18] UCSF and University of Minnesota 2004[18]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Strain:10D		 Red alga Simple eukaryote 16.5 Mb 5,331[19] University of Tokyo, Rikkyo University, Saitama University and Kumamoto University 2004[19]
Debaryomyces hansenii
Strain:CBS767		 Yeast Cheese ripening 12.2 Mb 6,906[12] Génolevures Consortium 2004[12]
Dictyostelium discoideum
Strain:AX4		 Slime mold Model organism 34 Mb 12,500[20] Consortium from University of Cologne, Baylor College of Medicine and the Sanger Centre 2005[20]
Drosophila melanogaster Fruit fly Model animal 165 Mb 13,600[21] Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP 2000[21]
Encephalitozoon cuniculi Microsporidium Human pathogen 2.9 Mb 1,997[22] Genoscope and Université Blaise Pascal 2001[22]
Entamoeba histolytica
HM1:IMSS		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (amoebic dysentery) 23.8 Mb 9,938[23] TIGR, Sanger Institute and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 2005[23]
Gallus gallus Chicken 1 Gb 20-23,000[24] International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium 2004[24]
Guillardia theta Alga Model organism 551 Kb 464[25] Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia 2001[25]
Homo sapiens Human 3.2 Gb 25,000[26] Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics Drafts 2001;[27][28] all chromosomes complete 2006[29]
Kluyveromyces lactis
Strain:CLIB210		 Yeast 10-12 Mb 5,329[12] Génolevures Consortium 2004[12]
Leishmania major
Strain:Friedlin		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen 32.8 Mb 8,272[30] Sanger Institute 2005[30]
Magnaporthe grisea Fungus Plant pathogen 37.8 Mb 11,109[31] 2005[31]
Mus musculus Mouse Model mammal 2.5 Gb 24,174[32] International Collaboration for the Mouse Genome Sequencing[33] 2002[32]
Neurospora crassa Fungus 40 Mb 10,082[7] Broad Institute, Oregon Health and Sceince University, University of Kentucky, and the University of Kansas 2003[7]
Oryza sativa
ssp indica		 Rice Crop and model organism 420 Mb 32-50,000[34] Beijing Genomics Institute, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2002[34]
Oryza sativa
ssp japonica		 Rice Crop and model organism 466 Mb 46,022-55,615[35] Syngenta and Myriad Genetics 2002[35]
Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee Closest human relative 3.1 Gb Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium 2005[36]
Paramecium tetraurelia Ciliate Model organism 100 Mb 30,000[37] 2004[37]
Plasmodium falciparum
Clone:3D7		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (malaria) 22.9 Mb 5,268[38] Malaria Genome Project Consortium 2002[38]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
Stain:17XNL		 Parasitic protozoan Rodent pathogen (malaria) 23.1 Mb 5,878[39] TIGR and NMRC 2002[39]
Populus trichocarpa Tree (Balsam poplar) 550 Mb 45,555[40] 2006[40]
Rattus norvegicus
BN/SsNHsdMCW		 Rat Model mammal 6.8 Gb 21,166[41] 2004[41]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Strain:S288C		 Yeast (baker's yeast) Model eukaryote 12.1 Mb 6,294[42] International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing[43] 1996[42]
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Strain:972h		 Yeast Model eukaryote 14 Mb 4,824[44] Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2002[44]
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Sea urchin Model eukaryote 814 Mb 23,300[45] Sea Urchin Genome Sequencing Consortium 2006[45]
Takifugu rubripes Puffer fish Vertebrate with small genome 390 Mb 22-29,000[46] International Fugu Genome Consortium[47] 2002[48]
Tetraodon nigroviridis Puffer fish Vertebrate with small genome 385 Mb Genoscope and the Broad Institute 2004[49]
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Strain:CCMP 1335		 Diatom 2.5 Mb 11,242[50] Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington 2004[50]
Theileria parva
Strain:Muguga		 Parasitic protozoan Cattle pathogen (African east coast fever) 8.3 Mb 4,035[51] TIGR and the International Livestock Research Institute 2005[51]
Trypanosoma brucei
Strain:TREU927/4 GUTat10.1		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen ("Sleeping sickness") 26 Mb 9,068 [52] Sanger Institute and TIGR 2005[52]
Trypanosoma cruzi
Strain:CL Brener TC3		 Parasitic protozoan Human pathogen (Chagas disease) 34 Mb 22,570[53] TIGR, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute and Uppsala University 2005[53]
Yarrowia lipolytica
Strain:CLIB99		 Yeast Industrial uses 20 Mb 6,703[12] Génolevures Consortium 2004[12]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

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  2. ^ a b Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nature. 2006 Oct 26;443(7114):931-49. PMID 17073008
  3. ^ a b The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative. Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):796-815. PMID 11130711
  4. ^ Arabidopsis Genome Initiative
  5. ^ a b Dietrich FS. et al. The Ashbya gossypii genome as a tool for mapping the ancient Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Science 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):304-7. PMID 15001715
  6. ^ a b Nierman WC, et al. Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Nature. 2006 Jan 26;439(7075):502. PMID 16372009
  7. ^ a b c d Galagan, JE, et al. Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Nature 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1105-15. PMID 16372000
  8. ^ a b Machidam M, et al. Genome sequencing and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae. Nature 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1157-61. PMID 16372010
  9. ^ Mita K, et al. The genome sequence of silkworm, Bombyx mori. DNA Res. 2004 Feb 29;11(1):27-35. PMID 15141943
  10. ^ a b Stein LD, et al. The genome sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: a platform for comparative genomics. PLoS Biol. 2003 Nov;1(2):166-192. PMID 14624247
  11. ^ a b C. elegans Sequencing Consortium. Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2012-8. PMID 9851916
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Dujon B, et al. Genome evolution in yeasts. Nature. 2004 Jul 1;430(6995):35-44. PMID 15229592
  13. ^ About Génolevures
  14. ^ a b Lindblad-Toh K. et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature. 2005 Dec 8;438(7069):803-19. PMID 16341006
  15. ^ a b Dehal P, et al. The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2157-67. PMID 12481130
  16. ^ a b Loftus BJ, et al. The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1321-4. PMID 15653466
  17. ^ a b Xu P, et al. The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis. Nature. 2004 Oct 28;431(7012):1107-12. PMID 15510150
  18. ^ a b Abrahamsen MS, et al. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):441-5. PMID 15044751
  19. ^ a b Matsuzaki M, et al. Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Nature. 2004 Apr 8;428(6983):653-7. PMID 15071595
  20. ^ a b Eichinger L, et al. The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature. 2005 May 5;435(7038):43-57. PMID 15875012
  21. ^ a b Adams MD, et al. The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2185-95. PMID 10731132
  22. ^ a b Katinka MD, et al. Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Nature. Nov 22;414(6862):450-3. PMID 11719806
  23. ^ a b Loftus B, et al. The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Nature. 2005 Feb 24;433(7028):865-8. PMID 15729342
  24. ^ a b International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium. Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution. Nature. 2004 Dec 9;432(7018):695-716. PMID 15592404
  25. ^ a b Douglas S. et al. The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus. Nature. 2001 Apr 26;410(6832):1091-6. PMID 11323671
  26. ^ International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):931-45. PMID 15496913
  27. ^ The International Human Genome Mapping Consortium. A physical map of the human genome. Nature 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):934-41. PMID 11237014
  28. ^ The Celera Genomics Sequencing Team. The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1304-51. PMID 11181995
  29. ^ Gregory SG, et al. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. PMID 16710414
  30. ^ a b Ivens AC, et al. The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major. Science 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):436-42. PMID 16020728
  31. ^ a b Dean RA et al. The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Nature. 2005 Apr 21;434(7036):980-6. PMID 15846337
  32. ^ a b Waterston RH, et al. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature. 2002 Dec 5;420(6915):520-62. PMID 12466850
  33. ^ International Collaboration for the Mouse Genome Sequencing
  34. ^ a b Goff SA, et al. A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):92-100. PMID 11935018
  35. ^ a b Yu J, et al. A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):79-92. PMID 11935017
  36. ^ Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Nature. 2005 Sep 1;437(7055):69-87. PMID 16136131
  37. ^ a b Zagulski M, et al. High coding density on the largest Paramecium tetraurelia somatic chromosome. Curr Biol. 2004 Aug 10;14(15):1397-404. PMID 15296759
  38. ^ a b Gardener MJ, et al. Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2002 Oct 3;419(6906):498-511. PMID 12368864
  39. ^ a b Carlton JM. et al. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. Nature. 2002 Oct 3;419(6906):512-9. PMID 12368865
  40. ^ a b Tuskan GA, et al. The Genome of Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray). Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1596-604. PMID 16973872
  41. ^ a b Gibbs RA, et al. Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):493-521. PMID 15057822
  42. ^ a b Goffeau A, et al. Life with 6000 genes. Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):546, 563-7. PMID 8849441
  43. ^ International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing
  44. ^ a b Wood V, et al. The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature. 2002 Feb 21;415(6874):871-80. PMID 11859360
  45. ^ a b Sodergren E, et al. The Genome of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):941-952. PMID 17095691
  46. ^ International Fugu Genome Consortium. Forth Genome Assembly
  47. ^ International Fugu Genome Consortium
  48. ^ Aparicio S, et al. Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes. Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1301-10. PMID 12142439
  49. ^ Jaillon O, et al. Genome duplication in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype. Nature. 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):946-57. PMID 15496914
  50. ^ a b Armbrust EV, et al. The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism. Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):79-86. PMID 15459382
  51. ^ a b Gardner MJ, et al. Genome sequence of Theileria parva, a bovine pathogen that transforms lymphocytes. Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):134-7. PMID 15994558
  52. ^ a b Berriman, M. et al. 2005. The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. Science 309:416-22
  53. ^ a b El-Sayed, N.M. et al. 2005. The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Science 309:409-15

[edit] External links

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