List of rulers of Wallachia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube, and until the creation of Romania (in 1866, after the union with Moldavia of 1859).

[edit] Notes

Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as os de domn - "of Voivode marrow", or as having hereghie - "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. Wallachian rulers, like the Moldavian rulers, bore the titles of Voivode or/and Hospodar.

Most rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.

Years	Ruler	Remarks
c.a.1247	Seneslau	Voivode on the eastern side of the Olt River (around the Argeş).
1247-1277	Litovoi	Voivode on the western side of the Olt River.
c.a.1277-c.a.1290	Bărbat	Brother of Litovoi
c.a.1290-c.a.1310	Thocomerius of Wallachia	(Tihomir - a version proposed as a more accurate rendition, but one not confirmed by documents)
Early 14th century: The attested foundation of the Wallachian principality.
(c.a. 1300	Radu Negru	Mythical voivode of Wallachia.)
c.a.1310-1352	Basarab I	(Basarab Întemeietorul, Basarab the Founder - modern names, not used in his times); first ruling member of the Basarab house, first non-legendary ruler of Wallachia-proper
1352-1364	Nicolae Alexandru
1364-c.a.1377	Vladislav I	(Vlaicu-Vodă)
c.a. 1377-c.a.1383	Radu I
c.a. 1383-1386	Dan I
1386 - 1418	Mircea cel Bătrân	(Mircea the Elder)
1394-1397	Vlad I Uzurpatorul	(Vlad I the Usurper)
1418-1420	Mihail I
1420 - 1421	Dan II	First ruling member of the Dăneşti branch; 1st rule
1421	Radu II Chelul	(Radu the Bald) 1st rule
1421 - 1423	Dan II	2nd rule
1423	Radu II Chelul	2nd rule
1423-1424	Dan II	3rd rule
1424-1426	Radu II Chelul	3rd rule
1426-1427	Dan II	4th rule
1427	Radu II Chelul	4th rule
1427-1431	Dan II	5th rule
1431-1436	Alexandru I Aldea
1436 - 1442	Vlad II Dracul	(Vlad the Dragon); first ruling member of the Drăculeşti branch; 1st rule
1442	Mircea II
1442 - 1443	Basarab II
1443-1447	Vlad II Dracul	2nd rule
1447-1448	Vladislav II	1st rule
1448	Vlad III the Impaler	(Vlad Ţepeş or Vlad Dracula) 1st rule
1448-1456	Vladislav II	2nd rule
1456-1462	Vlad III the Impaler	2nd rule
1462-1473	Radu cel Frumos	Radu the Fair 1st rule
1473	Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	Basarab Laiotă the Elder 1st rule
1473-1474	Radu cel Frumos	2nd rule
1474	Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	2nd rule
1474	Radu cel Frumos	3rd rule
1474	Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	3rd rule
1474-1475	Radu cel Frumos	4th rule
1475-1476	Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	4th rule
1476	Vlad III the Impaler	3rd rule
1476-1477	Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân	5th rule
1477-1481	Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr	(Basarab Ţepeluş the Younger) 1st rule
1481	Mircea
1481	Vlad Călugărul	(Vlad the Monk) 1st rule
1481-1482	Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr	2nd rule
1482-1495	Vlad Călugărul	2nd rule
1495-1508	Radu cel Mare	(Radu the Great)
1508-1509	Mihnea cel Rău	(Mihnea the Wrongdoer)
1509-1510	Mircea (Miloş)
1510-1512	Vlad cel Tânăr	(Vlăduţ, Vlad the Younger)
1512-1521	Neagoe Basarab	First ruling member of the Craioveşti house
1521	Teodosie	1st rule
1521	Vlad Călugărul	3rd rule
1521-1522	Teodosie	2nd rule
1522-1523	Radu de la Afumaţi	(Radu of Afumaţi) 1st rule
1523	Vladislav III	1st rule
1523-1524	Radu Bădica
1524	Radu de la Afumaţi	2nd rule
1524	Vladislav III	2nd rule
1524-1525	Radu de la Afumaţi	3nd rule
1525	Vladislav III	3rd rule
1525-1529	Radu de la Afumaţi	4rd rule
1529	Basarab V
1529-1530	Moise
1530-1532	Vlad Înecatul	(Vlad the Drowned)
1532-1535	Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina	(Vlad Vintilă of Slatina)
1535-1545	Radu Paisie
1545-1552	Mircea Ciobanul	(Mircea the Shepherd) 1st rule
1552-1553	Radu Ilie Haidăul	(Radu Ilie the Cowherd)
1553-1554	Mircea Ciobanul	2nd rule
1554-1558	Pătraşcu cel Bun	(Pătraşcu the Kind)
1558-1559	Mircea Ciobanul	3rd rule
1559-1568	Petru cel Tânăr	(Peter the Younger)
1568-1574	Alexandru II Mircea	(popularly referred to as Oaie Seacă - Barren Sheep - in his lifetime) 1st rule
1574	Vintilă
1574-1577	Alexandru II Mircea	2nd rule
1577-1583	Mihnea Turcitul	(Mihnea the Turned-Turk) 1st rule
1583-1585	Petru Cercel	(Peter Earring or Earring Peter)
1585-1591	Mihnea Turcitul	2nd rule
1591-1592	Ştefan Surdul	(Stephen the Deaf)
1592-1593	Alexandru cel Rău	(Alexander the Wrongdoer)
1593-1600	Mihai Viteazul
1600-1601: Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia united under Mihai Viteazul.
1600-1601	Simion Movilă	1st rule
1601-1602	Radu Mihnea	1st rule
1602	Simion Movilă	2nd rule
1602-1610	Radu Şerban	1st rule
1611	Transylvanian occupation
1611	Radu Mihnea	2nd rule
1611	Radu Şerban	2nd rule
1611-1616	Radu Mihnea	3rd rule
1616	Gabriel Movilă	1st rule
1616-1618	Alexandru Iliaş	1st rule
1618-1620	Gabriel Movilă	2nd rule
1620-1623	Radu Mihnea	4th rule
1623-1627	Alexandru Coconul	(Alexander the Child-Prince)
1627-1629	Alexandru Iliaş	2nd rule
1629-1632	Leon Tomşa
1632	Radu Iliaş
1632-1654	Matei Basarab
1654-1658	Constantin Şerban
1658-1659	Mihnea III
1659-1660	Gheorghe Ghica	First ruling member of the Ghica house
1660-1664	Grigore I Ghica	1st rule
1664-1669	Radu Leon
1669-1672	Antonie Vodă din Popeşti	(Anthony Voivode of Popeşti)
1672-1673	Grigore I Ghica	2nd rule
1673-1678	Gheorghe Duca
1678-1688	Şerban Cantacuzino	First ruling member of the Cantacuzene house
1688-1714	Constantin Brâncoveanu
1714-1715	Ştefan Cantacuzino
1715-1821: The Phanariote Epoch
1715-1716	Nicolae Mavrocordat	First ruling member of the Mavrocordato house; 1st rule
1716	Habsburg occupation
1716-1719	Ioan Mavrocordat
1719-1730	Nicolae Mavrocordat	2nd rule
1730	Constantin Mavrocordat	1st rule
1730-1731	Mihai Racoviţă	First ruling member of the Racoviţă house; 1st rule
1731-1733	Constantin Mavrocordat	2nd rule
1733-1735	Grigore II Ghica	1st rule
1735-1741	Constantin Mavrocordat	3rd rule
1741-1744	Mihai Racoviţă	2nd rule
1744-1748	Constantin Mavrocordat	4th rule
1748-1752	Grigore II Ghica	2nd rule
1752-1753	Matei Ghica
1753-1756	Constantin Racoviţă	1st rule
1756-1758	Constantin Mavrocordat	5th rule
1758-1761	Scarlat Ghica	1st rule
1761-1763	Constantin Mavrocordat	6th rule
1763-1764	Constantin Racoviţă	2nd rule
1764-1765	Ştefan Racoviţă
1765-1766	Scarlat Ghica	2nd rule
1766-1768	Alexandru Ghica
1768	Russian occupation
1768-1769	Grigore III Ghica
1769-1770	Russian occupation
1770-1771	Emanuel Giani Ruset	Manole or Manolache Giani Ruset; the only ruling member of the Rosetti house
1774-1782	Alexandru Ipsilanti	First ruling member of the Ypsilanti house; 1st rule
1782-1783	Nicolae Caragea	First ruling member of the Caradja house
1783-1786	Mihai Suţu	First ruling member of the Soutzos house; 1st rule
1786-1789	Nicolae Mavrogheni
1789-1790	Habsburg occupation	Prince Josias of Coburg in command.
1791-1793	Mihai Suţu	2nd rule
1793-1796	Alexandru Moruzi	The only ruling member of the Mourousi house; 1st rule
1796-1797	Alexandru Ipsilanti	2nd rule
1797-1799	Constantin Hangerli
1799-1801	Alexandru Moruzi	2nd rule
1801-1802	Mihai Suţu	3rd rule
1802	Alexandru Suţu
1802-1806	Constantin Ipsilanti	1st rule
1806	Russian occupation
1806-1812	Constantin Ipsilanti	2nd rule
1812-1818	Ioan Gheorghe Caragea
1818	vacancy	(27 September - 12 November) Caimacam Grigore Brâncovenu and other boyars (Vornic Barbu Văcărescu, Vistier Grigore Ghica, Logofăt Samurcaş)
1818-1821	Alexandru Suţu
1821: Tudor Vladimirescu's uprising
1821	vacancy	Caimacam Grigore Brâncoveanu and other boyars
1821	Tudor Vladimirescu
1821	Scarlat Callimachi	The only ruling member of the Callimachi house
1822-1828	Grigore IV Ghica
*1832-1856: The Organic Statute* government.**
1828-1834	Russian occupation	Fyodor Pahlen, Pyotr Zheltukhin, and Pavel Kiseleff in command.
1834-1842	Alexandru II Ghica
1842-1848	Gheorghe Bibescu
1848: The Wallachian Revolution; Provisional Government and Regency.
1848	vacancy	Metropolitan Neofit and others
1848-1853	Barbu Ştirbei	1st rule
1853-1854	Russian occupation
1854-1856	Barbu Ştirbei	2nd rule
1854	Ottoman occupation
1854-1856	Austrian occupation
1856-1859: Protectorate of European Powers established by the Treaty of Paris; prolonged and disputed elections for the Ad hoc Divan
1856-1858	vacancy	Caimacam Alexandru II Ghica
1858-1859	vacancy	Caimacam rule of three: Ioan Manu, Emanoil Băleanu, Ioan Al.Filipide
1859	Alexander John Cuza
1859: Personal union with Moldavia