List of notable tropical cyclones

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This is a list of notable tropical cyclones, subdivided by basin and reason for notability.

Contents

[edit] North Atlantic basin

Main article: List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
Main article: List of retired Atlantic hurricanes

These records are held by Atlantic hurricanes.

Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes

Cost refers to total estimated property damage.

Rank Hurricane Season Cost (2005 USD)
1 Katrina 2005 $81.2 billion
2 Andrew 1992 $44.9 billion
3 Wilma 2005 $20.6 billion
4 Charley 2004 $15.4 billion
5 Ivan 2004 $14.6 billion
Main article: List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Fatalities
1 "Great Hurricane" 1780 22,000
2 Mitch 1998 11,000 – 18,000
3 "Galveston" 1900 8,000 – 12,000
4 Fifi 1974 8,000 – 10,000
5 "Dominican Republic" 1930 2,000 – 8,000
6 Flora 1963 7,186 – 8,000
7 "Pointe-a-Pitre" 1776 6,000+
8 "Newfoundland 1775 4,000 – 4,163
9 "Okeechobee" 1928 4,075+
10 "San Ciriaco" 1899 3,433+
Main article: List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
Most intense Atlantic hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Min. pressure
1 Wilma 2005 882 mbar (hPa)
2 Gilbert 1988 888 mbar (hPa)
3 "Labor Day" 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
4 Rita 2005 895 mbar (hPa)
5 Allen 1980 899 mbar (hPa)
6 Katrina 2005 902 mbar (hPa)
7 Camille 1969 905 mbar (hPa)
Mitch 1998 905 mbar (hPa)
9 Ivan 2004 910 mbar (hPa)
10 Janet 1955 914 mbar (hPa)
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Most intense landfalling U.S. hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure
1 "Labor Day" 1935 892 mbar (hPa)
2 Camille 1969 909 mbar (hPa)
3 Katrina 2005 920 mbar (hPa)
4 Andrew 1992 922 mbar (hPa)
5 "Indianola" 1886 925 mbar (hPa)
6 "Florida Keys" 1919 927 mbar (hPa)
7 "Okeechobee" 1928 929 mbar (hPa)
8 Donna 1960 930 mbar (hPa)
9 "New Orleans" 1915 931 mbar (hPa)
Carla 1961 931 mbar (hPa)
Sources: U.S. National Hurricane Center Katrina TCR

[edit] South Atlantic basin

Tropical cyclones rarely form in the South Atlantic Basin. Only three South Atlantic tropical cyclones in the area have been confirmed.

[edit] Eastern Pacific basin

Main article: List of notable Pacific hurricanes

These records are held by Pacific hurricanes.

Costliest Eastern Pacific hurricanes
Cost refers to total estimated property damage.
Rank Hurricane Season Cost (2005 USD)
1 Pauline 1997 $8.84 billion
2 Iniki 1992 $2.6 billion
3 Iwa 1982 $507 million
4 Kathleen 1976 $137-549 million
5 Norma 1981 $300 million
Main article: List of notable Pacific hurricanes
Deadliest Pacific hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Fatalities
1 "Mexico" 1959 1800+
2 Paul 1982 1000+
3 Liza 1976 630–990
4 Tara 1961 430–500
5 Pauline 1997 230–400
Main article: List of notable Pacific hurricanes
Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
Name Season Name Season
Patsy 1959 Guillermo 1997
"Mexico" 1959 Linda 1997
Ava 1973 Elida 2002
Emilia 1994 Hernan 2002
Gilma 1994 Kenna 2002
John 1994 Ioke 2006
Main article: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes

[edit] Western Pacific basin

[edit] Retired Names

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5

Names retired before 2000 were retired by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Ones retired during and after that year were retired by the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Name Year Location Deaths Damage ($US)
Lucille 1960 Philippines 300 Unknown
Ophelia 1960 Caroline Islands 2 Unknown
Karen 1962 Pacific Islands, Japan 11 250 million (1962 USD)
Bess 1974 Philippines 26-29 7.2 million (1974 USD)
Bess 1982 Japan 59 Unknown
Ike 1984 Philippines, southern China 1363-3000 $75.4 million (1984 USD)
Mike 1990 Philippines, Vietnam, southern China 250+ $14 million (1990 USD)
Mireille 1991 Ryūkyū Islands, southern Japan 52 $3 Billion (1991 USD)
Thelma 1991 Philippines 6000 $19 million (1991 USD)
Omar 1992 Guam, Taiwan 2 $457 million (1992 USD)
Vamei 2001 Singapore, Malaysia, and Sumatra 0 None
Chataan 2002 Chuuk, Japan 31 $59.8 million (2002 USD)
Rusa 2002 Korea 113 $6 billion (2002 USD)
Pongsona 2002 Guam, Marianas Islands 3 $700 million (2003 USD)
Imbudo 2003 Philippines 21 $37 million (2003 USD)
Maemi 2003 Ryūkyū Islands, Korea 115 $4.1 billion (2003 USD)
Sudal 2004 Yap 1 Unknown
Rananim 2004 Eastern China 115 $4 billion (2004 USD)
Matsa 2005 Taiwan, Okinawa, Northeastern China Not known Unknown
Nabi 2005 Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea 75 Unknown
Longwang 2005 Taiwan, southeast China 148 >$150 million (2005 USD)
Chanchu 2006 The Philippines, Taiwan, southeast China and Japan 104 $1.2 billion (2006 USD)
Bilis 2006 The Philippines, Taiwan, southeast China 672 $4.4 billion (2006 USD)
Saomai 2006 Mariana Islands, The Philippines, Taiwan, southeast China 458 $2.5 billion (2006 USD)
Xangsane 2006 Philippines, Hainan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand 279 $747 million (2006 USD)
Durian 2006 Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand >819 Severe

Two names, Yanyan and Tingting, were replaced as requested by Hong Kong. Another two names, Kodo and Hanuman, were replaced before using.

PAGASA also retires names for typhoons and tropical storms that affect the Philippines.

[edit] Significant Typhoons with Special Names

Eight especially significant typhoons were named by Japan Meteorological Agency according to the area where they caused most damage.

Significant Typhoons with Special Names
(from the Japan Meteorological Agency)
Name Number Name in Japan
Marie T5415 Toyamaru Typhoon
Ida T5822 Kanogawa Typhoon
Sarah T5914 Miyakojima Typhoon
Vera T5915 Isewan Typhoon
Nancy T6118 2nd Muroto Typhoon
Cora T6618 2nd Miyakojima Typhoon
Della T6816 3rd Miyakojima Typhoon
Babe T7709 Okinoerabu Typhoon

[edit] Other Named

[edit] Unnamed

[edit] Most active West Pacific seasons

The following are the most active Western Pacific seasons, according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track. Only seasons with over 30 storms are included.

Total
Storms
Year Tropical
Storms
Typhoons Super
Typhoons
39 1964 13 19 7
35 1965
1967
1971
14
15
11
10
16
16
11
4
4
34 1994 14 14 6
33 1996 12 15 6
32 1974 16 16 0
31 1989
1992
10
9
15
17
6
5
30 1962
1966
1972
1990
2004
7
10
8
9
10
17
17
20
17
13
6
3
2
4
7

[edit] Northern Indian Ocean

This region has had some of the world's deadliest cyclones, but there is a dearth of organized information about them.

[edit] Most Active Seasons

Total Storms Year Tropical Depressions Tropical Storms Cyclones
13 1992 2 8 3
8 1987 0 8 0
8 1996 0 4 4
8 1998 0 3 5
8 2005 1 6 1

[edit] South Pacific Ocean

[edit] South Indian Ocean

[edit] Australian tropical cyclones

See History - Australia's worst cyclone disasters (from Queensland Government State Disaster Management Group). See also Australian Bureau of Meteorology - Severe Weather Events

[edit] Most intense storms on record

This list includes Western Pacific storms with pressures of less than 885 mb and Atlantic, Eastern Pacific and South Pacific storms with pressure of less than 915 mb. Additional Western Pacific storms with pressures between 885 and 915 mb have been recorded, but these storms are neither exceptional for that basin nor all reliably measured. As for Indian Ocean storms, pressure readings are too scarce or too inaccurate to make a list reliable.

As a result of the omissions of many Western Pacific storms, many storms near the bottom of the list are not numerically ranked.

Rank Name Pressure Location Year
1 Typhoon Tip 870 mbar Western Pacific 1979
2 Typhoon Gay 872 mbar Western Pacific 1992*
2 Typhoon Ivan 872 mbar Western Pacific 1997*
2 Typhoon Joan 872 mbar Western Pacific 1997*
2 Typhoon Keith 872 mbar Western Pacific 1997*
2 Typhoon Zeb 872 mbar Western Pacific 1998*
7 Typhoon June 875 mbar Western Pacific 1975
8 Typhoon Forrest 876 mbar Western Pacific 1983
9 Typhoon Ida 877 mbar Western Pacific 1958
9 Typhoon Nora 877 mbar Western Pacific 1973
11 Typhoon Rita 878 mbar Western Pacific 1978
11 Typhoon Yvette 878 mbar Western Pacific 1992*
11 Typhoon Damrey 878 mbar Western Pacific 2000*
14 Typhoon Vanessa 879 mbar Western Pacific 1984
14 Typhoon Angela 879 mbar Western Pacific 1995*
14 Typhoon Faxai 879 mbar Western Pacific 2001*
14 Cyclone Zoe 879 mbar South Pacific 2002**
14 Typhoon Chaba 879 mbar Western Pacific 2004*
19 Typhoon Violet 882 mbar Western Pacific 1961
19 Hurricane Wilma 882 mbar Atlantic 2005
21 Typhoon Irma 884 mbar Western Pacific 1971
22 Typhoon Mike 885 mbar Western Pacific 1990
22 Cyclone Daryl-Agnielle 885 mbar South Indian 1995*
23 Hurricane Gilbert 888 mbar Atlantic 1988
24 Labor Day Hurricane 892 mbar Atlantic 1935
25 Typhoon Sally 894 mbar West Pacific 1964
26 Cyclone Gafilo 895 mbar South Indian 2004*
26 Hurricane Rita 895 mbar Atlantic 2005
27 Typhoon Karen 897 mbar West Pacific 1962
  Hurricane Allen 899 mbar Atlantic 1980
  Cyclone Ron 900 mbar South Pacific 1998*
  Cyclone Susan 900 mbar South Pacific 1998*
  Cyclone Inigo 900 mbar South Indian 2003*
  Cyclone Percy 900 mbar South Pacific 2005*
  Hurricane Linda 902 mbar Eastern Pacific 1997*
  Hurricane Katrina 902 mbar Atlantic 2005
  Typhoon Opal 903 mbar West Pacific 1964
  Typhoon Emma 903 mbar West Pacific 1962
  Hurricane Camille 905 mbar Atlantic 1969
  Cyclone Orson 905 mbar South Indian 1989
  Hurricane Mitch 905 mbar Atlantic 1998
  Cyclone Hudah 905 mbar South Indian 2000*
  Cyclone Kalunde 905 mbar South Indian 2003*
  Cyclone Bento 905 mbar South Indian 2004*
  Cyclone Adeline-Juliet 905 mbar South Indian 2005*
  Cyclone Monica 905 mbar South Pacific 2006***
  Typhoon Opal 910 mbar West Pacific 1962
  Cyclone Theodore 910 mbar South Pacific 1994*
  Cyclone Dina 910 mbar South Indian 2002*
  Cyclone Fay 910 mbar South Indian 2004*
  Hurricane Ivan 910 mbar Atlantic 2004
  Cyclone Carina 910 mbar South Indian 2006*
  Cyclone Glenda 910 mbar South Indian 2006****
  Hurricane Kenna 913 mbar Eastern Pacific 2002
  Hurricane Janet 914 mbar Atlantic 1955
  Cyclone Graham 915 mbar South Indian 1991*
  Cyclone Jane-Irna 915 mbar South Indian 1992*
  Cyclone Pancho-Helinda 915 mbar South Indian 1997*
  Cyclone Vance 915 mbar South Indian 1999*
  Cyclone Frederic-Evrina 915 mbar South Indian 1999*
  Cyclone Gwenda 915 mbar South Indian 1999*
  Cyclone John 915 mbar South Indian 1999*
  Cyclone Chris 915 mbar South Indian 2002*
  Cyclone Erica 915 mbar South Pacific 2003*
  Hurricane Isabel 915 mbar Atlantic 2003
  Cyclone Heta 915 mbar South Pacific 2004*
  Cyclone Meena 915 mbar South Pacific 2005*
  Cyclone Olaf 915 mbar South Pacific 2005*
  Cyclone Larry 915 mbar South Pacific 2006*
  Cyclone Floyd 915 mbar South Indian 2006*

Notes:

  • *Minimum central pressure of these storms was estimated based on satellite data rather than directly measured.
  • **Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar.
  • ***Official estimate. JTWC estimated 879 mbar and unofficial estimates were 869 mbar (which would make it the most intense recorded tropical cyclone).
  • ****Official estimate. JTWC estimated 898 mbar.

In addition, Hurricane Wilma was likely also the most intense storm ever recorded while at Category 4 intensity with a pressure of 894 mb at that time - which in itself would be the fourth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record. [citation needed]

[edit] Size extremes

The relative sizes of Typhoon Tip, Tropical Cyclone Tracy, and the United States.
The relative sizes of Typhoon Tip, Tropical Cyclone Tracy, and the United States.
  • Typhoon Tip is the largest tropical cyclone on record at 1350 miles (2170 km) wide, October (1979)
  • Cyclone Tracy is the smallest tropical cyclone on record at 60 miles (96 km) wide, December (1974)

These sizes indicate the distance from the center at which gale-force winds could be found [5].

[edit] Highest storm surge

The three powerful hurricanes listed below caused very high storm surge. Hurricane Katrina had the highest recorded storm surge of any Atlantic hurricane and Hurricane Camille had the second-highest. Worldwide storm surge data is sparse. Cyclone Mahina is generally regarded as having had the highest storm surge ever recorded, although measurements from before modern times must be viewed with some skepticism.

Storm surge is enhanced by high winds and greater storm size. The shape of the coastline and the contour of the bottom near the coast are also significant factors. Hurricane Katrina was the largest Category 5 hurricane recorded in the Atlantic, and Hurricane Camille tied for the highest recorded windspeed; both struck an area vulnerable to high storm surge because of the shallow coastal waters.

[edit] Unusual Landfalls

For unusual landfalls in the Atlantic basin, see List of notable Atlantic hurricanes.

[edit] Brazil

[edit] New Zealand

See also: Category:Cyclones in New Zealand
  • April, 1968-Cyclone Giselle struck New Zealand causing the Wahine disaster.
  • February/March, 1988-Cyclone Bola killed 3 people in New Zealand.

[edit] Arabian Peninsula

  • 1983-Tropical Storm Aurora struck Oman.
  • May, 1984-Tropical Storm 01-A transited the Gulf of Aden and made landfall in northwest Somalia, the first tropical cyclone on record to do so.
  • October, 1992-Tropical Storm 06-A struck Oman.
  • June, 1996-Tropical Storm 02-A struck Oman.

[edit] Somalia

See also: :Category:Cyclones in Somalia
  • 1984-A tropical storm struck Somalia,
  • 1984-A late season cyclone slammed Somalia.
  • 1994-Somalia was hit by a tropical storm that brought 65mph winds and heavy rains.
  • 1997-A weak November storm made landfall in Eastern Somalia.

[edit] California

See also: :Category:California hurricanes
  • 1858-A hurricane just barely missed landfall in San Diego, causing considerable damage.
  • 1939-A tropical storm struck Long Beach killing 45 people.
  • 1972-Tropical Depression Hyacinth made landfall near Los Angeles and brought rain around the area.

[edit] Western Australia

  • 1956-A cyclone made a close track along the whole Western Australian coast, and made a near landfall near Perth.
  • 1978-Cyclone Alby made a close encounter to the south-west of Western Australia as a strong extratropical system in the vicinity of Perth and Albany, causing extensive damage and five deaths. Albany recorded one of its highest wind gusts on record from Cyclone Alby.
  • 1989-Cyclone Ned passed almost directly over Perth.

[edit] Extreme Latitudes

This list contains tropical cyclones that formed or moved to an extraordinary latitude. It can be extreme north (or south) latitude, or very equatorial cyclones.

  • 1975 - Hurricane 12 formed at a record north latitude for the Central and East Pacific.
  • 2000 - Hurricane Alberto persisted north while tropical until a latitude of about 53°N.
  • 2001 - Typhoon Vamei formed 85 miles from the equator, the closest recorded formation location of a storm of hurricane strength.
  • 2004 - Cyclone Agni reached a location of only 40 miles from the equator, the closest to the equator any tropical cyclone has been recorded to have reached. However, Vamei retained the record for the most equatorial formation as Agni formed further from the equator than Vamei and moved towards it.
  • 1966 - Hurricane Faith reached an unprecedented northerly latitude of 62.5 degrees, just north of the Faore Islands in the Norwegian Sea. Faith degenerated over Scandinavia, and the remnant low pressure area eventualy reached Franz Josef Land, only 300 miles from the North Pole.

[edit] Year-crossing Northern Hemisphere storms

This is a list of Northern Hemisphere storms that have crossed two calendar years. Because the Southern Hemisphere cyclone season runs across the New Year, Southern Hemisphere storms that cross calendar years are not exceptional.

Storm Duration Basin
Tropical Storm Zeta December 30, 2005-January 6, 2006 Atlantic
Typhoon Vamei December 26, 2001-January 1, 2002 North Indian\West Pacific
Typhoon Soulik December 29, 2000-January 4, 2001 West Pacific [6][7]
Typhoon Mary December 20, 1977-January 3, 1978 West Pacific [8]
Typhoon Harriet December 24, 1959-January 2, 1960 West Pacific [9]
Hurricane Alice December 30, 1954-January 6, 1955 Atlantic
Typhoon Hester December 27, 1952-January 4, 1953 West Pacific

[edit] Named Tropical Depressions

Tropical cyclones are normally only given names when their winds exceed 39 mph (threshold for tropical storm strength). On rare occasions, some are designated as tropical storms actively but then downgraded in post-storm analysis.

  • 1970 - Dolores, Northeast Pacific
  • 2004 - Ken, South Indian

[edit] Different Storms With Same Name in Same Year

  • 1954- There were two Hurricane Alices in 1954. One formed in June and struck Mexico. The other one formed on December 30 and lasted though January,1955.
  • 1970- There were two tropical storms named Ione, one of which hit the Mexican coastline with 60 mph winds.
  • 1986- There were two storms named Vera. One was a typhoon while another was a weak tropical storm. Operationally, Vera was treated as one storm until post storm analyisis found that it was actually two separate storms.
  • 1997- In north Pacific, two storms were named Linda, one typhoon and one hurricane.
  • 2003- In the Southern Hemisphere, two storms were named Beni, one in the South Pacific in February, one in the South Indian in November.

[edit] Tropical Cyclones and Airplane Crashes

Typhoon Wilma- ten crewmen died when a USAF B-29 crashed during the storm.

Hurricane Janet-Two airplanes (one of them a hurricane hunter plane) crashed during the storm.

Typhoon Emma- A Hurricane Hunter plane crashed during the storm.

Hurricane Betsy (1956)- A DC-4 Crashed on while delivering supplies after the storm.

Hurricane Esther- A Navy plane crashed several miles off the coast of Bermuda. Seven of the ten crewmen drowned.

Typhoon Bess (1974)- A US Air force hurricane hunter plane crashed during the storm. There were no surviors.

Hurricane Emmy- A Venezuelen Air force crashed during the storm while attempting to land. 68 people died.

Tropical Storm Gamma- Three people were killed in a plane crash during Gamma's outer bands.

[edit] See also


The most powerful tropical cyclones by area of development or impact

Australia

Central Pacific

East Pacific

North Atlantic

North Indian

South Indian

South Pacific

West Pacific

Cyclone Inigo (2003)

Hurricane Ioke (2006)

Hurricane Linda (1997)

Hurricane Wilma (2005)

Cyclone 05B (1999)

Cyclone Gafilo (2004)

Cyclone Zoe (2002)

Typhoon Tip (1979)

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