List of mammals of Korea

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This is a list of mammals found in the wild on the Korean Peninsula. Approximately 100 species of mammals are known to inhabit, or recently to have inhabited, the peninsula and its surrounding waters. This includes a few species, such as the Nutria and Muskrat, that were introduced in the 20th century. It also includes other species listed here (the Amur Tiger and Japanese Sea Lion) which have probably been extirpated.

Many of the larger mammals are well-known. Some, such as the fox, bear, and tiger, play important roles in Korean mythology and symbolism. Most of these large mammals, and particularly the large carnivores, are now extremely rare or extirpated, having been subjected to severe pressure from hunting and habitat destruction during the 20th century. Examples of this include the Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes, which was once abundant and plays a key role in Korean folktales due to its association with mountain gravesites. The number of Red Foxes in South Korea is estimated at 20; the species' status in North Korea is not known.^[1] In contrast, the smaller insectivores, bats, and rodents have survived relatively well; many of these species remain widespread across the peninsula. Representative among these is the Norway Rat, Rattus norvegicus, which is believed to be the most common wild mammal on the Korean Peninsula.^[2] On the other hand, for the most part these species have played relatively little symbolic role in Korean culture; most were not distinguished until the beginning of systematic zoological studies in the early 20th century.

The waters around the Korean Peninsula are home to a variety of cetaceans and pinnipeds. Many of these have been historic subjects of hunting, although neither whaling nor sealing are permitted under current North and South Korean law. Estimates of the number of marine mammal species vary considerably.

The principal sources used for this list are Won (2004) and Won and Smith (1999). Information on the international status of species has been drawn from the IUCN Red List.

Contents 1 Order Artiodactyla: Even-toed Ungulates 1.1 Family Bovidae: Bovids 1.2 Family Cervidae: Deer 1.3 Family Suidae: Pigs 1.4 Family Moschidae: Musk deer 2 Order Carnivora: Carnivores 2.1 Family Canidae: Canids 2.2 Family Felidae: Felids 2.3 Family Mustelidae: Mustelids 2.4 Family Ursidae: Bears 2.5 Superfamily Pinnipedia: Pinnipeds 2.5.1 Family Otariidae: Eared Seals 2.5.2 Family Phocidae: Earless Seals 3 Order Cetacea: Whales 3.1 Suborder Mysticeti: Baleen whales 3.1.1 Family Balaenopteridae: Rorquals 3.1.2 Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray Whales 3.2 Suborder Odontoceti: Toothed Whales 3.2.1 Family Delphinidae: Oceanic dolphins 3.2.2 Family Phocoenidae: Porpoises 3.2.3 Family Physeteridae: Sperm whales 3.2.4 Family Ziphiidae: Beaked whales 4 Order Insectivora: Insectivores 4.1 Family Erinaceidae: Hedgehogs 4.2 Family Talpidae: Moles 4.3 Family Soricidae: Shrews 5 Order Chiroptera:Bats 5.1 Family Rhinolophidae: Horseshoe bats 5.2 Family Vespertilionidae: Vesper bats 6 Order Lagomorpha: Lagomorphs 6.1 Family Leporidae: Leporids 6.2 Family Ochotonidae: Pikas 7 Order Rodentia: Rodents 7.1 Family Muridae: Murids 7.2 Family Cricetidae: Cricetids 7.3 Family Myocastoridae: Coypu 7.4 Family Sciuridae: Squirrels 7.5 Family Zapodidae: Jumping mice 8 Notes 9 References and further reading

[edit] Order Artiodactyla: Even-toed Ungulates

Main article: Artiodactyla

[edit] Family Bovidae: Bovids

Main article: Bovidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Chinese Goral (산양)	Naemorhedus caudatus [4] (Hamilton Smith, 1827)	High mountains.	North Korea, the Korean Demilitarized Zone, and South Korea's northernmost Taebaek Mountains[5]	I: Vulnerable[6] K: Endangered.[7] NK: Natural monument.[8] SK: Natural monument. [9]

[edit] Family Cervidae: Deer

Main article: Cervidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Siberian Roe Deer (노루)	Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771)	Forest verges.	Throughout; not found on Ulleungdo.	I: Least Concern [10] K: Locally abundant.[11]
Red Deer (붉은사슴)	Cervus elaphus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Forest verges.	North Hamgyong and the Paektusan region.	I: Least Concern[12] K: Rare.[7] NK: Natural monument.[13]
Sika Deer (대륙사슴)	Cervus nippon (Temminck, 1838)	Open forests and forest verges.	Throughout mainland. [14]	I: Least Concern.[15] K: Vulnerable.[7] NK: Natural monument.[16] J: Extirpated.[14]
Water Deer (고라니)	Hydropotes inermis (Swinhoe, 1870)	Low mountains and riparian areas.	Throughout mainland.	I: Near Threatened. [17] SK: Game. [18]

[edit] Family Suidae: Pigs

Main article: Suidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Wild Boar (멧돼지)	Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758)	Mountain forests.	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern[19] SK: Game [18] J: Extirpated.[14]

[edit] Family Moschidae: Musk deer

Main article: Moschidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Siberian Musk Deer (사향노루)	Moschus moschiferus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Mountain forests.	North Korea; also found in Gangwon, South Korea.	I: Vulnerable. [20] K: Endangered.[7] NK: Natural monument.[21] SK: Natural monument.[22]

[edit] Order Carnivora: Carnivores

Main article: Carnivora

[edit] Family Canidae: Canids

Main article: Canidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Gray Wolf (늑대)	Canis lupus[23] (Linnaeus, 1758)	Forests and open woods.	Paektusan area.	I: Least Concern. [24] K: Endangered. [7][25] SK: Extirpated.[26]
Dhole (승냥이)	Cuon alpinus [27] (Pallas, 1811)	Dense forests and high mountains.	Paektusan area.	I: Endangered [28] K: Vulnerable. [7]
Raccoon Dog (너구리)	Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)	Wooded valleys.	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern[29] K: Uncommon.[30]
Red Fox (여우)	Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)	Brushy areas and forest verges.	Northern and northeastern Korea.	I: Least Concern [31] K: Endangered.[32]

[edit] Family Felidae: Felids

Main article: Felidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Leopard Cat (삵)	Prionailurus bengalensis [33] (Kerr, 1792)	Dense forests.	Central and northern Korea.	I: Least Concern.[34] K: Vulnerable.[35] J: Extirpated.[14]
Eurasian Lynx (스라소니)	Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758)	Montane forests.	North Hamgyong and Chagang, North Korea.	I: Near Threatened.[36] K: Endangered.[7]
Amur Leopard (표범)	Panthera pardus orientalis (Schlegel, 1857)	High dense forests.	Northern Korea.	I: Critically Endangered.[37] K: Endangered.[7] SK: Extirpated. [38]
Amur Tiger (호랑이)	Panthera tigris altaica (Temminck, 1844)	Rocky forests.	Hamgyong provinces, northeastern North Korea.	I: Critically Endangered.[39] K: Extirpated.[7]

[edit] Family Mustelidae: Mustelids

Main article: Mustelidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
European Otter (수달)	Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)	Riparian areas.	Throughout mainland, scattered.	I: Least Concern. K: Endangered.[40] NK: Natural monument.[41] SK: Natural monument.[42]
Yellow-throated Marten (담비)	Martes flavigula (Boddaert, 1785)	High forests.	Northern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Vulnerable.[7]
Japanese Marten (산달)	Martes melampus (Wagner, 1841)	High forests.	Central and northern Korea.[35]	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7] NK: Natural monument.[43]
Sable (검은담비)	Martes zibellina (Linnaeus, 1758)	High, dense boreal forests.	North Hamgyong, northeastern North Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Endangered.[7] NK: Natural Monument.[44]
European Badger (오소리)	Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758)	Forests and mountain valleys. Fossorial.	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern.
Least Weasel (무산쇠족제비)	Mustela nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Subalpine areas.	Far northeastern and northwestern North Korea.[45]	I: Least Concern. K: Rare to locally abundant.[45]
Siberian Weasel (족제비)	Mustela sibirica [46] (Pallas, 1773)	Forests and riparian areas.	Throughout, including Jeju.[45]	I: Least Concern. K: Locally abundant.[45]

[edit] Family Ursidae: Bears

Main article: Bear

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Asiatic Black Bear (반달가슴곰)	Ursus thibetanus [47] (G. Cuvier, 1823)	Thick forests.	Jirisan and Seoraksan in South Korea; Kumgangsan and Paektusan in North Korea.	I: Vulnerable.[48] K: Endangered.[7] SK: Natural monument.[49]
Brown Bear (불곰)	Ursus arctos (Linnaeus, 1758)	Thick forests.	Central and northern Korea.	I: Least concern.[50] K: Endangered.[51] NK: Natural monument.[52]

[edit] Superfamily Pinnipedia: Pinnipeds

Main article: Pinniped

[edit] Family Otariidae: Eared Seals

Main article: Eared Seal

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3][53]
Northern Fur Seal North: (바다말); South: (물개)	Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Coasts and seas.	Most common in the Sea of Japan.	I: Vulnerable.[54][55]
Steller's Sea Lion (큰바다사자)	Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)	Coasts and seas.	Northern Yellow Sea and Sea of Japan	I: Endangered.[56] K: Vulnerable.[7]
Japanese Sea Lion (바다사자)	Zalophus japonicus[57] (Peters, 1866)	Rocky coasts.	Last seen on Dokdo in 1951.	I, K: Extinct.[58][7]

[edit] Family Phocidae: Earless Seals

Main article: Earless Seal

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Common Seal (점박이물범)	Phoca vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Coasts and seas.	Northern Sea of Japan.	I: Least Concern.
Spotted Seal (잔점박이물범)	Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811)	Coasts and seas.	Throughout Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, and Korea Strait; large colony on Baengnyeongdo.	I: Least Concern. K: Vulnerable.[7] SK: Natural Monument.[59]

[edit] Order Cetacea: Whales

Main article: Cetacea

[edit] Suborder Mysticeti: Baleen whales

Main article: Baleen whale

[edit] Family Balaenopteridae: Rorquals

Main article: Rorqual

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Minke Whale (밍크고래)	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Lacépède, 1804)	Widespread.	Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan.	I: Near Threatened.[60]
Blue Whale (대왕고래)	Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Deep ocean waters.		I: Conservation Dependent.[61] K: Believed extirpated.[62]
Fin Whale (참고래)	Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Coastal waters.	Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea.	I: Endangered. [63]

[edit] Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray Whales

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Gray Whale (귀신고래)	Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg, 1861)	Migratory through coastal waters.	Sea of Japan, Korea Strait.	I: Conservation Dependent.[64] SK: Natural Monument.[65]

[edit] Suborder Odontoceti: Toothed Whales

Main article: Toothed whale

[edit] Family Delphinidae: Oceanic dolphins

Main article: Oceanic dolphin

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Short-Beaked Common Dolphin (짧은부리참돌고래)	Delphinus delphis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Warmer coastal waters.	Throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Unknown.[66]
Pacific White-Sided Dolphin (낫돌고래)	Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Gill, 1865)	Warmer coastal waters.	Sea of Japan[67]	I: Least Concern.
Orca (범고래)	Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)	Coastal waters.	Throughout.	I: Conservation Dependent.[68] K: Unknown, possibly common.[69]

[edit] Family Phocoenidae: Porpoises

Main article: Porpoise

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Dall's Porpoise (까치돌고래)	Phocoenoides dalli (True, 1885)	Colder ocean waters.	North of the 35th parallel in the Sea of Japan.	I: Vulnerable.[70]
Harbor Porpoise (쇠돌고래)	Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)	Colder ocean waters.	Sea of Japan.	I: Conservation Dependent.[71]
Finless Porpoise (상괭이)	Neophocaena phocaenoides (Cuvier, 1829)	Coastal waters.	Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, southern Sea of Japan.	I: Data Deficient.[72] K: Caught frequently.[73]

[edit] Family Physeteridae: Sperm whales

Main article: Sperm whale family

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Sperm Whale (향고래)	Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Deep oceans.	East China Sea	I: Vulnerable.[74]

[edit] Family Ziphiidae: Beaked whales

Main article: Beaked whale

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Baird's Beaked Whale (큰부리고래)	Berardius bairdii (Stejneger, 1883)	Open seas.	Sea of Japan.	I: Conservation Dependent.[75]

[edit] Order Insectivora: Insectivores

Main article: Insectivora

[edit] Family Erinaceidae: Hedgehogs

Main article: Erinaceidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status
Amur Hedgehog (고슴도치)	Erinaceus amurensis (Schrenk, 1859)	Deciduous and mixed forests.[76]	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7]

[edit] Family Talpidae: Moles

Main article: Mole (animal)

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Japanese Mole (두더지)	Mogera wogura[77] (Temminck, 1833)	High moist forest.	Throughout mainland; not found on Jeju or Ulleungdo	I: Least Concern. SK: Vermin.[7]

[edit] Family Soricidae: Shrews

Main article: Shrew

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Dsinezumi Shrew (제주땃쥐)	Crocidura dsinezumi (Temminck, 1842)	Damp forests and grasslands.	Found only on Jeju.[78]	I: Least Concern. K: Uncertain.[78]
Ussuri Shrew (땃쥐)	Crocidura lasiura (Dobson, 1890)	Widespread.	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[79]
Lesser Shrew (작은땃쥐)	Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1811)	Moist deciduous forests.	Throughout, including Ulleungdo.[79]	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[79]
Eurasian Water Shrew (갯첨서)	Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771)	Riparian areas and mountain lakes.[79]	Northern North Korea.[80]	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7]
Laxmann's Shrew (뒤쥐)	Sorex caecutiens (Laxmann, 1788)	Rugged mountains.	Northern and northeastern North Korea.[81]	I: Least Concern. K: Abundant.[79]
Large-Toothed Siberian Shrew (백두산뒤쥐)	Sorex daphaenodon (Thomas, 1907)	Boreal forests and alpine meadows.	Paektusan region.[82]	I: Least Concern.
Slender Shrew (쇠뒤쥐)	Sorex gracillimus (Thomas, 1907)	Coniferous forests and alpine regions.	Northeastern North Korea.[83]	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[84]
Even-Toothed Shrew (큰발뒤쥐)	Sorex isodon (Turov, 1924)	Mountain forests.	Baekdudaegan mountains.[85]	I: Least Concern.
Eurasian Least Shrew (꼬마뒤쥐)	Sorex minutissimus (Zimmermann, 1780)	Rugged mountains bove 1500 meters.[86]	Central and northern Korea.[87]	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7]
Ussuri Shrew (큰첨서)	Sorex mirabilis (Ognev, 1937)	Moist ground above 1500 meters.[86]	Central and northern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7]
Long-Clawed Shrew (긴발톱첨서)	Sorex unguiculatus (Dobson, 1890)	High moist areas.	Northeastern North Korea.[88]	I: Least Concern. K: Locally abundant.[89]

[edit] Order Chiroptera:Bats

Main article: Bat

[edit] Family Rhinolophidae: Horseshoe bats

Main article: Horseshoe bat

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Greater Horseshoe Bat (관박쥐)	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774)	Roosts in caves and abandoned mines.	Scattered throughout, including Jeju.	I: Near Threatened. K: Abundant.[90]

[edit] Family Vespertilionidae: Vesper bats

Main article: Vesper bat

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Kobayashi's Bat (고바야시박쥐)	Eptesicus koyabashii (Mori, 1928)		West central Korea.[91]	I: Data Deficient.[92] K: Possibly very rare.[90]
Northern Bat (생박쥐)	Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling et Blasius, 1839)		Found in Gyeonggi, northwestern South Korea, and North Hamgyong, northeastern North Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Locally abundant.[90]
Serotine Bat (문둥이박쥐)	Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)	Roosts in roofs and walls.	Most common in northwestern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Locally abundant.[93]
Savi's Pipistrelle (큰집박쥐)	Hypsugo savii [94] (Bonaparte, 1837)	Roosts in caves. [95]	Throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Uncommon.[96]
Schreiber's Bat (긴날개박쥐)	Miniopterus schreibersi (Kuhl, 1817)	Grasslands and forests in summer; caves in winter.	Scattered throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[97]
Little Tube-Nosed Bat (작은관코박쥐)	Murina aurata (Milne-Edwards, 1872)		Unknown.	I: Near Threatened.[98] K: Last recorded in 1959.[97]
Greater Tube-Nosed Bat (관코박쥐)	Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872)		Unknown.[99]	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[97]
Far Eastern Myotis (흰배윗수염박쥐)	Myotis bombinus[100] (Thomas, 1906)	Hibernates in caves.	Southern Korea, including Jeju.	I: Near Threatened.[101] K: Uncommon.[93]
Daubenton's Bat (물윗수염박쥐)	Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817)	Near water.	Throughout, including Jeju.	I: Least Concern. K: Uncommon.[93]
Hodgson's Bat (오렌지윗수염박쥐)	Myotis formosus (Hodgson, 1835)		Scattered throughout; not found on Jeju.[102]	I: Least Concern. K: Vulnerable.[93]
Fraternal Myotis (긴꼬리윗수염박쥐)	Myotis frater (G.M. Allen, 1923)	Forests.	Northern Korea.[103]	I: Near Threatened.[104] K: Very rare.[105]
Ikonnikov's Bat (작은윗수염박쥐)	Myotis ikonnikovi (Ognev, 1912)		Scattered throughout, including Jeju.	I: Least Concern. K: Very rare.[105]
Big-Footed Myotis (큰발윗수염박쥐)	Myotis macrodactylus (Temminck, 1840)		Local throughout, including Jeju.	I: Least Concern. K: Abundant.[105]
Whiskered Bat (윗수염박쥐)	Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)	Forests.	Scattered throughout, including Jeju and Ulleungdo.[106]	I: Least Concern.
Birdlike Noctule (멧박쥐)	Nyctalus aviator (Thomas, 1911)		Scattered throughout.	I: Near Threatened. [107] K: Rare.[105]
Java Pipistrelle (큰집박쥐)	Pipistrellus javanicus[108] Gray, 1838)		Scattered throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[96]
Brown Long-Eared Bat (토끼박쥐)	Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)	High mountains.	The Taebaek Mountains and the Paektusan area in northern North Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Vulnerable.[96]
Parti-colored Bat (북방애기박쥐)	Vespertilio murinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	High forests and grasslands in the summer.	North Hamgyong, North Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Very rare.[96]
Asian Parti-colored Bat (안주애기박쥐)	Vespertilio superans (Thomas, 1899)		West central Korea. [109]	I: Least Concern. K: Very rare.[97]

[edit] Order Lagomorpha: Lagomorphs

Main article: Lagomorpha

[edit] Family Leporidae: Leporids

Main article: Leporidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Korean Hare (멧토끼)	Lepus coreanus	Widespread at low altitudes.[110]	Throughout mainland.[111]	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[111] SK: Game.
Manchurian Hare (북방토끼)	Lepus mandschuricus (Radde, 1861)	High rocky forests.	Northern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Common. [111]

[edit] Family Ochotonidae: Pikas

Main article: Pika

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Northern Pika (우는토끼)	Ochotona hyperborea (Pallas, 1811)	Alpine meadows, 1000-2500 m.	Northern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[111]

[edit] Order Rodentia: Rodents

Main article: Rodentia

[edit] Family Muridae: Murids

Main article: Muridae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Striped Field Mouse (등줄쥐)	Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771)	Widespread.	Throughout, including Jeju.[112]	I: Least Concern.[113] K: Abundant.[112]
Jeju Striped Field Mouse (제주등줄쥐)	Apodemus chejuensis[114] (Jones & Johnson, 1965)	Widespread.	Found only on Jeju.	I: No assessment. J: Very abundant.[112]
Korean Field Mouse (흰넓적다리붉은쥐)	Apodemus peninsulae (Thomas, 1907)	Forest verges and brushland.	Throughout mainland.	I: Least Concern. K: Common.[112]
Harvest Mouse (멧밭쥐)	Micromys minutus (Pallas, 1771)	Low grasslands and fields.	Throughout; not found on Ulleungdo.	I: Near Threatened.[115] K: Abundant.[112]
House Mouse (생쥐)	Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Human dwellings.	Throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Abundant.[112]
Norway Rat (집쥐)	Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)	Urban and cultivated areas.	Throughout.	I: Least Concern. K: Very abundant.[2]
Black Rat (애급쥐)	Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Urban areas.	Central and southen Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Invasive.[116]

[edit] Family Cricetidae: Cricetids

Main article: Cricetidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Northern Red-Backed Vole (숲들쥐)	Myodes rutilus (Pallas, 1779)	High, dense mixed forest.	Far northeastern Korea.	I: Least Concern.[117] K: Abundant.[118]
Grey Red-Backed Vole (대륙밭쥐)	Myodes rufocanus[119] (Sundevall, 1846)	Boreal forest.	Northern Korea.	I: Least Concern.[120] K: Abundant.[118]
Chinese Striped Hamster (비단털등줄쥐)	Cricetulus barabensis (Pallas, 1773)	Fields.	Sinuiju and Cholsan, North Korea.	I: Least Concern.[121] K: Uncommon.[122]
Royal Vole (비단털들쥐)	Eothenomys regulus (Thomas, 1907)	Widespread; avoids deep forests.	Southern, central and northwestern Korea.	I: Least Concern.[123] K: Common.[118]
Mandarin Vole (쇠갈밭쥐)	Lasiopodomys mandarinus[124] (Milne-Edwards, 1871)	Grassy wetlands.	Southwestern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Rare.[7]
Reed Vole (갈밭쥐)	Microtus fortis (Buchner, 1889)	High fields and forest verges.	Western and northern Korea.	I: Least Concern. K: Locally abundant.[122]
Muskrat (사향쥐)	Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Marshes and lakes.	Tumen River basin, North Korea.[125]	I: Least Concern. K: Invasive.[125]
Greater Long-Tailed Hamster (비단털쥐)	Tscherskia triton (de Winton, 1899)	Widespread.	Throughout, including Jeju.[122]	I: Least Concern.[126] K: Common.[122]

[edit] Family Myocastoridae: Coypu

Main article: Coypu

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Coypu or Nutria (뉴트리아)	Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)	Wetlands.	South Korea's Yeongnam region. (Introduced for farming in 1990s)	I: Least Concern. K: Invasive.[127]

[edit] Family Sciuridae: Squirrels

Main article: Squirrel

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Siberian Flying Squirrel (하늘다람쥐)	Pteromys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)	Boreal forest.	Far northeast and Taebaek Mountains.	I: Near Threatened.[128] K: Endangered.[7]
Red Squirrel (청설모)	Sciurus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Forests.	Throughout mainland.[129]	I: Least Concern. SK: Vermin.[7]
Siberian Chipmunk (다람쥐)	Tamias sibiricus (Laxmann, 1769)	Forests.	Inland throughout.	I: Least Concern. SK: Vermin.[7]

[edit] Family Zapodidae: Jumping mice

Main article: Zapodidae

Common name (Korean name)	Species (Authority)	Preferred habitat	Range	Status [3]
Long-Tailed Birch Mouse (긴꼬리꼬마쥐)	Sicista caudata (Thomas, 1907)	Riparian zones and wetlands.	Northeastern Korea.[130]	I: Endangered.[131] K: Rare.[7]

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Han (1998).
2. ^ ^{a b} The Norway Rat is the most abundant mammal on the Korean Peninsula, according to Won & Smith (1999), p. 28.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab} The following abbreviations are used:
   • I: International. These are sourced from the IUCN Red List.
   • K: Korea.
   • NK: North Korea.
   • SK: South Korea.
   • J: Jeju.
4. ^ Given as Nemorhaedus goral in Won (2004). The Korean population is generally referred to N. c. raddeanus Heude.
5. ^ Won (2004), p. 273; Won & Smith (1999), p. 21. It was once widespread across the Taebaek and Rangrim ranges, but the population had fallen to around 40 by 1990.
6. ^ Caprinae Specialist Group (1996). Naemorhedus caudatus ssp. raddeanus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2006.
7. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} Won & Smith (1999), p. 7.
8. ^ The goral of Tanchon is designated North Korean natural monument 293. [1]
9. ^ Designated South Korean natural monument #217 on November 20, 1968. 산양. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
10. ^ Deer Specialist Group (1996). Capreolus pygargus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2006.
11. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 21.
12. ^ Deer Specialist Group (1996). Cervus elaphus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 1 December 2006.
13. ^ The Samjiyon population is designated as natural monument #354.삼지연큰사슴. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
14. ^ ^{a b c d} Won (2004), p. 264
15. ^ Deer Specialist Group (1996). Cervus nippon. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 1 December 2006.
16. ^ The Samjiyon population has been designated Natural Monument 349, and the Paegam population Natural Monument 362. 삼지연사슴. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
17. ^ Deer Specialist Group (1996). Hydropotes inermis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2006.
18. ^ ^{a b} Won & Smith (1999), p. 7. One of only 3 mammal species legally hunted in South Korea.
19. ^ Pigs & Peccaries Specialist Group (1996). Sus scrofa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 1 December 2006.
20. ^ Deer Specialist Group (1996). Moschus moschiferus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 5 October 2006.
21. ^ The musk deer of Rogya ri, in Undok, North Hamgyong, has been designated natural monument #331.록야리 사향노루. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. The population in the Mayang workers' district of Musan is designated #380, while the population in Taehung county is designated #401. [2]
22. ^ Designated natural monument #216 on October 20, 1968. 사향노루. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
23. ^ The Korean population is generally considered a distinct subspecies, C. l. coreanus Abe, the Korean Wolf.
24. ^ Wolf Working Group (2004). Canis lupus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
25. ^ Won (2004), p. 147.
26. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 16.
27. ^ Commonly referred to C. a. alpinus. Won & Smith (1999), p. 16
28. ^ Dhole Working Group (2004). Cuon alpinus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
29. ^ Sillero-Zubiri, C. & Hoffmann, M. (2004). Nyctereutes procyonoides. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
30. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 14.
31. ^ Macdonald, D.W. & Reynolds, J.C. (2004). Vulpes vulpes. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
32. ^ Won (2004, p. 151); Won & Smith (1999), p. 7.
33. ^ Given as Felis bengalensis in older sources and in Won (2004).
34. ^ Cat Specialist Group (2002). Prionailurus bengalensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
35. ^ ^{a b} Won & Smith (1999), p. 18.
36. ^ Cat Specialist Group (2002). Lynx lynx. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
37. ^ Cat Specialist Group (1996). Panthera pardus ssp. orientalis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
38. ^ The last specimen may have been taken on Deogyusan in 1960 (Won 2004, p. 159). However, several years later it was still listed as widespread, in Ministry of Culture and Education (1967).[3]
39. ^ Cat Specialist Group (1996). Panthera tigris ssp. altaica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
40. ^ Designated as such in 1982. Won & Smith 1999, pp. 7, 18.
41. ^ The Poptong population is designated Natural Monument #249, and population in Yonsa's Sinyang workers' district is designated #331. 법동수달. 남북한의 천연기념물. Retrieved on 2006-12-06. [4]
42. ^ Designated as Natural Monument #330.Natural Monuments No. 330. Cultural Heritage Administration website. Retrieved on 2006-10-1.
43. ^ The Paegam population is designated Natural Monument #366. 백암누른돈. 남북한의 천연기념물. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
44. ^ The Paegam population is designated North Korean Natural Monument #331. 백암검은돈. 남북한의 천연기념물. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
45. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 19.
46. ^ The variety of M. sibirica found on Jeju Island is sometimes regarded as a separate subspecies, the "Jeju Weasel" or Mustela sibirica quelpartis Thomas 1906.
47. ^ Given in many sources as Selenarctos thibetanus.
48. ^ Bear Specialist Group (1996). Ursus thibetanus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
49. ^ Designated as South Korean natural monument 329 on November 4, 1982. Cultural Heritage Administration. Natural Monuments 329. Exploring of Cultural Heritage. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
50. ^ Bear Specialist Group (1996). Ursus arctos. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
51. ^ Due to heavy hunting. Won & Smith (1999), p. 17.
52. ^ The Ryongrim population was designated natural monument #124 on January 1, 1980. 룡림큰곰. 남북한희 천연기념물. Retrieved on 2006-12-06. The Yonsa population has been designated natural monument #330.[5]
53. ^ According to Won (2004, p. 188ff), seals are protected from hunting under South Korean law.
54. ^ Seal Specialist Group (1996). Callorhinus ursinus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
55. ^ Pop. estimated at 1.3 million in Won (2004), p. 191.
56. ^ Seal Specialist Group (1996). Eumetopias jubatus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
57. ^ Sometimes treated as a subspecies of the California Sea Lion, Zalophus californianus japonicus.
58. ^ Seal Specialist Group (1996). Zalophus japonicus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
59. ^ Designated Natural Monument #331 on November 4, 1982. Won (2004), p. 194.
60. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Balaenoptera acutorostrata. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
61. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Balaenoptera musculus ssp. musculus (North Pacific stock). 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
62. ^ Won (2004), p. 218.
63. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Balaenoptera physalus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
64. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Eschrichtius robustus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
65. ^ Its feeding grounds have been designated South Korean natural monument 126.
66. ^ Won (2004), p. 244.
67. ^ The Sea of Japan population is estimated at 80,000-100,000. Won (2004), p. 245.
68. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Orcinus orca. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
69. ^ Won (2004), p. 238.
70. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Phocoenoides dalli. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
71. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Phocoena phocoena. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
72. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Neophocaena phocaenoides. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
73. ^ Nam (2004), p. 254.
74. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Physeter macrocephalus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
75. ^ Cetacean Specialist Group (1996). Berardius bairdii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
76. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 6.
77. ^ Sometimes considered two species, Mogera robusta and Mogera wogura.
78. ^ ^{a b} Formerly common on Jeju, but has not been reported there since the 1970s. Won & Smith (1999), p. 8.
79. ^ ^{a b c d e} Won & Smith (1999), p. 9.
80. ^ There are also unverified reports from Seoraksan in South Korea. Won (2004), p. 29.
81. ^ Also reported from Mungyeong, South Korea.
82. ^ The first specimen was found there in 2001. Won (2004), p. 31.
83. ^ There is also an unconfirmed 1983 report from Jirisan in South Korea. Won (2004), p. 32.
84. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 10.
85. ^ The first specimen was taken on Odaesan in South Korea in 1999. Won (2004), p. 33; cites Han et al. (2000), "New records of two Sorex species (Soricidae) from South Korea", Mammal Study 25:2, 141-144.
86. ^ ^{a b} Won (2004), p. 34.
87. ^ Has been recorded only from Seoraksan and Odaesan. Won & Smith (1999), p. 10.
88. ^ May also have been collected from Jirisan, but this has not been confirmed. Won (2004), p. 35.
89. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 10-11.
90. ^ ^{a b c} Won & Smith (1999), p. 11.
91. ^ Kobayashi's Bat has been reported from Pyongyang, Kaesong, and Seoul, according to Won (2004), p. 85.
92. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group (1996). Eptesicus kobayashii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
93. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 12.
94. ^ Often given as Pipistrellus savii, or considered to be a separate species Pipistrellus coreensis. Won (2004), p. 72; Won & Smith (1999), p. 14.
95. ^ Won (2004), p. 72.
96. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 14.
97. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 15.
98. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group (1996). Murina aurata. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
99. ^ Won & Smith (1999), p. 15. Won & Smith suggest that its range problably includes east-central and northeastern Korea.
100. ^ Formerly considered a subspecies of Myotis nattereri. Won & Smith (1999), p. 12.
101. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group (1996). Myotis bombinus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
102. ^ Won (2004), p. 61.
103. ^ Also reported from Masan, South Korea, according to Won (2004), p. 57.
104. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group (1996). Myotis frater. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
105. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 13.
106. ^ Won (2004), p. 54.
107. ^ Chiroptera Specialist Group (1996). Nyctalus aviator. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
108. ^ Sometimes considered to belong to Pipistrellus abramus.
109. ^ There are records from the provinces of Gyeonggi, South Korea, and South Pyongan, North Korea. However, the only recent record is from Anju in North Korea.
110. ^ Seldom seen at elevations above 500 meters, according to Ministry of Environment (2005). “멧토끼”, 한국고유생물종도감 [Hanguk goyu saengmuljong dogam [English title: Endemic species of Korea]], 6.
111. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 28.
112. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Won & Smith (1999), p. 27.
113. ^ Amori, G. (1996). Apodemus agrarius. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
114. ^ Formerly considered a subspecies of Apodemus agrarius, but shown to be a separate species by mitochondrial studies in the 1990s. Won & Smith (1999), p. 27.
115. ^ Amori, G. (1996). Micromys minutus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
116. ^ Introduced accidentally, according to Won & Smith (1999), p. 28.
117. ^ Amori, G. (1996). Clethrionomys rutilus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
118. ^ ^{a b c} Won & Smith (1999), p. 25.
119. ^ Sometimes given as Clethrionomys rufocanus
120. ^ Amori, G. (1996). Clethrionomys rufocanus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
121. ^ Baillie, J. (1996). Clethrionomys rutilus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
122. ^ ^{a b c d} Won & Smith (1999), p. 26.
123. ^ Baillie, J. (1996). Eothenomys regulus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
124. ^ Sometimes called Microtus mandarinus.
125. ^ ^{a b} The Muskrat was first recorded in the Tumen River basin in 1965; according to Won & Smith (1999), it had been introduced several decades earlier into the Russian Far East, and may have been present in Korea for some time before the first report.
126. ^ Baillie, J. (1996). Tscherskia triton. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
127. ^ Won (2004), p. 141.
128. ^ Amori, G. (1996). Pteromys volans. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
129. ^ Won (2004), p. 107.
130. ^ Specimens have been collected from Pujŏn in South Hamgyong and Samjiyŏn in Ryanggang. Won (2004), p. 116. In addition, Smith & Won (1999) report it from Yanggang in Gangwon, South Korea.
131. ^ Species Profile: Sicista caudata. Retrieved on 2006-10-05.

[edit] References and further reading

• Han Sang-hun (한상훈) (1998). 사라져가는 한국의 야생 포유동물(Sarajyeoganeun han-guk-ui yasaeng poyudongmul, Korea's vanishing wild mammals. Retrieved on 2006-09-29.
• Won, Pyong-Hooi (원병희) (1967). 한국동식물도감, 7권: 포유류 (Han-guk dongsingmul dogam 7gwon: poyuryu; Guide to Korea's plants and animals, vol. 7: Mammalia). Seoul: Ministry of Culture and Education. Available online at [6].
• Won, Byeong-o (원병오) (2004). 한국의 포유동물 [Hangugui poyudongmul] [English title: The Mammals of Korea]. Seoul: Dongbang Media. ISBN 89-8457-310-8.
• Won, Changman, Kimberly G. Smith (1999). "History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula". Mammal Review 29 (1): 3-33. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2907.1999.00034.x. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.