List of leaders of Afghanistan

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History of Afghanistan series.
Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan
Islamic conquest of Afghanistan
Durrani Empire
European influence in Afghanistan
Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war
Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah
Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
History of Afghanistan since 1992

The following is a List of leaders of Afghanistan, beginning with the rulers of the Durrani Empire. Control over what is now known as Afghanistan passed between various foreign invaders and small fiefdoms until the creation of the Durrani Empire in 1747. The Durrani Dynasty that controlled the empire continued to rule over Afghanistan long after the fall of their empire. In 1818, Dost Mohammad Khan overthrew the Durrani Dynasty and established the Barakzai Dynasty which, except for two brief periods of time, controlled the country until 1973, when the first Republic of Afghanistan was founded. Following the overthrow of the republic and the establishment of a communist state, control of Afghanistan was technically in the hands of various PDPA, though the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics held the real power in the country. After the fall of the communist government in 1992, control was vested in the hands of a mujahadeen-run government. However, political infighting and civil war led to Afghanistan being controlled by numerous warlords. In 1996, the Taliban seized control of 80%-90% of the country and established the fundamentalist Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Following the 2001 US-led invasion of Afghanistan, the mujahadeen government briefly returned to power, only to cede control over to a transitional government led by Hamid Karzai. In 2004, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was founded, and in October of that year, Karzai was elected its first president.

Contents

[edit] The Emirate of Afghanistan

[edit] Durrani Dynasty

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty

[edit] Durrani Dynasty (restored)

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

[edit] The Kingdom of Afghanistan

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty

[edit] Tajik King

[edit] Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

[edit] The 1st Republic of Afghanistan

[edit] Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

[edit] The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan

[edit] Islamic State of Afghanistan

[edit] Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

[edit] Islamic State of Afghanistan (restored)

[edit] Transitional State of Afghanistan

[edit] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

[edit] Prime Ministers of Afghanistan

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Tenure Incumbent Affiliation Notes
25 October 1927 to January 1929 Sardar Shir Ahmad, Padshah-i Afghanistan    
January 1929 to 1 November 1929 Shir Giyan, Padshah-i Afghanistan    
14 November 1929 to 1937 Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Padshah-i Afghanistan    
1937 to May 1946 Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, De Afghanistan Bacha   Pashto made official language of Afghanistan
May 1946 to 7 September 1953 Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan    
7 September 1953 to 10 March 1963 Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan    
10 March 1963 to 2 November 1965 Mohammad Yusuf    
2 November 1965 to 11 October 1967 Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal    
11 October 1967 to 1 November 1967 Abdullah Yaqta, interim Prime Minister    
1 November 1967 to 9 June 1971 Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi    
9 June 1971 to 12 December 1972 Abdul Zahir    
12 December 1972 to 17 July 1973 Mohammad Musa Shafiq    
1 May 1978 to 27 March 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki Khalq  
27 March 1979 to 27 December 1979 Hafizullah Amin Khalq  
27 December 1979 to 11 June 1981 Babrak Karmal Parcham  
11 June 1981 to 26 May 1988 Sultan Ali Keshtmand   1st Term
26 May 1988 to 21 February 1989 Mohammad Hassan Sharq Parcham  
21 February 1989 to 8 May 1990 Sultan Ali Keshtmand Parcham 2nd Term
8 May 1990 to 15 April 1992 Fazal Haq Khaliqyar    
6 July 1992 to 15 August 1992 Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani    
17 June 1993 to 28 June 1994 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar   1st Term
November 1994 to 1995 Arsala Rahmani, acting Prime Minister    
1995 to 26 June 1996 Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai, acting Prime Minister    
26 June 1996 to 27 September 1996 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar   2nd Term
27 September 1996 to 11 August 1997 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar   Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
11 August 1997 to 21 August 1997 Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai   Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
August 1997 to 2001 Abdul Ghafoor Rawan Farhadi   Under Burhanuddin Rabbani

See also: List of Afghan Transitional Administration personnel, History of Afghanistan

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