List of historical people portrayed as villains
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of historical people who have been portrayed as villains in works of fiction.
Many writers of fiction have looked to history to furnish characters and story lines. Some historical figures were bandits or murderers. When these criminals appear in fiction, few quarrel with their villainhood.
On the other hand, some figures may be cast as a villain by virtue of reputations as tyrants, dictators, or because as leaders they pursued policies now considered misguided. Here, one writer's villain may well be another person's hero. In some cases, the reputation given a historical figure by a widely circulated fictional treatment may come to overshadow that figure's historical reputation.
It may be possible for an actual historical figure to become so shrouded in legend that some uncertainty may be generated concerning the actual events of their life. Finally, a historical figure of some notoriety may be used as a namesake or an anagram of a wholly fictional character, just to signify that this character is a villain.
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[edit] Criminals
- Gilles de Rais (1404 - 1440), a pirate and serial killer of children, alleged historical basis for the Bluebeard fairy tale.
- Captain William Kidd (1645 - 1701), a pirate
- Blackbeard (1680 - 1718), a pirate
- Black Bart (1682 - 1722), a pirate, It is likely that the character Dread Pirate Roberts from the novel and movie The Princess Bride was based in part on Bartholomew Roberts
- Dick Turpin (1705 - 1739), appears in Dick Turpin played by Richard O'Sullivan, and portrayed by Tom Mix in a 1926 silent film.
- John Wilkes Booth (1838 - 1865), assassinated President Abraham Lincoln
- Jesse James (1847 - 1882), Old West outlaw and gunman, appears in Jesse James and other films
- Billy the Kid (c. 1860 - 1881), Old West outlaw and gunman, many appearances, including Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid and The Outlaw.
- Lizzie Borden (1860 - 1927), Alleged to have killed her family with an ax, appears in The Legend of Lizzie Borden
- Jack the Ripper (active in 1888 or 1887 - 1891, generic name for a serial killer that terrorized London in the 19th century, was never caught. Portrayed in many films, including From Hell, in which he was played by Ian Holm.
- Dalton Gang (active 1890 - 1892), Old West outlaws
- Al Capone (1899 - 1947), Chicago mob boss in early to mid 20th Century appeared in The Untouchables (portrayed by Robert De Niro) and in the film Al Capone
- Giuseppe Zangara (1900 - 1933), appears as a character in Stephen Sondheim's musical Assassins
- John Dillinger (1903 - 1934), bank robber and outlaw, portrayed in several biographical films.
- Leopold and Loeb (1904 - 1971 and 1905 - 1936 respectively). Two wealthy young men who made headlines by killing a neighbor just to see if they could get away with it. In 1956, Meyer Levin revisited the Leopold and Loeb case in his novel Compulsion, a fictionalized version of the actual events in which the names of the pair were changed to "Steiner and Strauss." Three years later, the novel was made into a film (also called Compulsion, directed by Richard Fleischer), in which the leads were played by Dean Stockwell and Bradford Dillman. The character based on Darrow was played by Orson Welles, whose speech at the film's end adopting Darrow's closing arguments was one of the longest monologues in film history. The crime was also inspiration for Alfred Hitchcock's film Rope (1948), Tom Kalin's Swoon (1992) and Barbet Schroeder's Murder by Numbers (2002).
- Ed Gein (1906-1984) Wisconsin serial killer who practiced cannibalism and necrophilia upon his victims. He was the basis for fictional characters such as Leatherface, Norman Bates, Buffalo Bill and Francis Dolarhyde. He was portrayed by Steve Railsback in the biopic By the Light of the Moon
- Charles Manson (1934 - ), leader of a cult in Southern California during the 60's. His followers murdered actress Sharon Tate. He appears in Charles Manson Superstar , Sweet Savior and Helter Skelter, and partially inspired the character of Z-Man Barzell in Beyond the Valley of the Dolls.
- Henry Lee Lucas (1936 - 2001), serial killer. Actor Michael Rooker played a fictionalized version of him in Henry: Portrait Of A Serial Killer
- Lee Harvey Oswald (1939 - 1963), assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Portrayed by Gary Oldman in JFK.
- Sirhan Sirhan (1944 - ), assassinated senator Bobby Kennedy. Was potrayed in the movie Bobby.
- Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (a.k.a. Carlos the Jackal) (1949) - Assassin and terrorist. A character based upon him appeared in the Jason Bourne series of novels by Robert Ludlum.
- Pablo Escobar (1949 – 1993) Drug baron, assassin and terrorist. The fictional Colombian drug baron Ernesto Escobedo who appears in the film Clear and Present Danger is based upon him.
- Andrei Chikatilo (1936 – 1994), serial killer who was convicted of killing 52 women and children in the Soviet Union, was potrayed in the movie Citizen X.
- Ronald DeFeo, Jr (1951 - ), the inspiration for The Amityville Horror
- John Ausonius (1953 - ), appeared in Lasermannen - en historia om Sverige by Gellert Tamas.
- Byron De La Beckwith (1920 – 2001), murderer and white supremacist. Potrayed by James Woods in Ghosts of Mississippi.
- Yolanda Saldívar (1960 - ), the murderer of Tejano singer Selena was potrayed by the actress Lupe Ontiveros in the film Selena.
- Aileen Wuornos (1956 - 2002), serial killer. Portrayed by Charlize Theron in Monster.
- Lyle and Erik Menendez. Rich Beverly Hills brothers who murdered their parents, (1968 - ) and (1971 - ), were portrayed in Honor Thy Father and Mother: The True Story of the Menendez Murders and Menendez: A Killing in Beverly Hills
[edit] Military leaders
- Gaius Julius Caesar (102 BC - 44 BC), portrayed in Shakespeare's play
- Dong Zhuo (139? - 192), appears in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
- Cao Cao (155 - 220), appears in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
- Attila the Hun (c. 406 - 453), appears as Atli in the Volsunga Saga.
- Flavius Aëtius (c. 396– 454), Roman general who opposed Attila. The 2001 miniseries Attila shows him accomplishing his goals through treachery and deceit, contrasting this with Attila's hard fought victories.
- Genghis Khan (1162 - 1227) ruled the Mongols that captured most of Asia
- Tamerlane (1336 - 1405), appears in Tamburlaine the Great, Parts I and II by Christopher Marlowe
- Francisco Pizarro (1475 - 1541), appears in The Royal Hunt of the Sun
- Hernán Cortés (1485 - 1547), appears in The Road to El Dorado
- Oda Nobunaga (1534 - 1582), appears in Onimusha
- Benedict Arnold {1741-1801}, former general of the Continental Army, betrayed America and joined Britain. He wasn't a villain, but is called "the biggest traitor in American history" and is usually portrayed as being evil in cartoons.
- Banastre Tarleton (1754-1833), appears in The Patriot (2000 film) under the name William Tavington
- Robert E. Lee (1807 - 1870), appears in Gods and Generals but is not really a villain.
- Reginald Dyer (1864 - 1927), a Brigadier-General in the British Indian Army who initiated the Amritsar massacre, appears in Gandhi
- General Esteban Huertas (1876 - 1943), villain in The Sharpie of the Culebra Cult, a Scrooge McDuck comic from Keno Don Rosa.
- Hideki Tojo (1884 - 1948), appears in Tojo's war
- Karl Dönitz (1891 - 1980), named in Call of Duty
- Hermann Göring, (1893-1946), appears in The Great Dictator (as "General Herring"), Battle of Britain, The Empty Mirror, The Ogre, Taking Sides and Der Untergang
- Heinrich Himmler (1900 - 1945), appears in The Eagle Has Landed, Colonization, Return to Castle Wolfenstein and Der Untergang
- Reinhard Heydrich (1904 - 1942), appears in Conspiracy
- Adolf Eichmann (1906 - 1962), appears in Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil and God afton herr Wallenberg
- Amon Göth (1908 - 1946), appears in Schindler's List
- Wilhelm Keitel (1882 - 1946), appears in Taking Sides and Der Untergang
- Ilse Koch (1906 - 1967), appears in Ilsa: She-Wolf of the SS and sequels.
- Fritz Witt (1908 - 1944), appears in Waffen SS commanders vol. 2 by Mark C Yerger and named in Call of Duty: United Offensive.
- Jürgen Stroop (1895 - 1952), appears in Uprising and The Eagle Has Landed.
- Erwin König (also known as Heinz Thorvald), appears in Enemy at the Gates
- Trinh Minh The (1922 - 1955), appears in Graham Greene's novel The Quiet American.
[edit] Monarchs
- Ramses II (1314 BC - 1224 BC), appears in The Prince of Egypt
- Antiochus IV Epiphanes (c. 215 - 163 BC), appears in the Books of the Maccabees and many fictionalized treatments
- First Emperor (Qin Shi Huangdi) (260 BC – 210 BC)
- Empress Dowager Lü of the Han Dynasty of China (regent 195 - 180 BC)
- Caligula (12 - 41), appears in Caligula and I, Claudius
- Nero (37 - 68), appears in The Monk's Tale from The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer, many more
- Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (161 - 192), appears in Gladiator and The Fall of the Roman Empire
- Dong Zhuo, (? – 192), appears in Romance of the Three Kingdoms historical novel
- Henry the Fowler (876 - 936), appears in the game Return to Castle Wolfenstein
- Macbeth of Scotland (c. 1005 - 1057), villain in Macbeth by William Shakespeare
- Guy de Lusignan (1150 - 1194), appears in the 2005 movie Kingdom of Heaven.
- John of England (1166/1167 - 1216), villain in several stories about Robin Hood (for example Ivanhoe)
- Kublai Khan (1215 - 1294), villain in Time Squad; see also What Would Brian Boitano Do?
- Edward I of England (1239 - 1307), appears in Braveheart
- Edward III of England (1312 - 1377), appears in Cassell's History of England (1902)
- Vlad III Dracula (1431 - 1476), first depicted as villain in Bram Stoker's novel Dracula and again in many other works
- Richard I of England - villain in "revisionist" versions of Robin Hood, such as Robin of Sherwood
- Richard III of England (1452 - 1485), villain in Shakespeare's plays and other Tudor propaganda
- Christian II of Denmark (1481 - 1559), appears in Kristian Tyrann : personlighet, själsliv och livsdrama by Paul J. Reiter
- Ivan IV of Russia (1530 - 1584), appears in Laughter! by Peter Barnes and Time Squad
- Erzsébet Báthory (1560 - 1614), appears in Daughters of Darkness and The Blood Countess
- Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821), many appearances, see Napoleon in popular culture
- Wilhelm II of Germany (1859 - 1941), appears in The Arms of Krupp by William Manchester and several silent films and The Simpsons
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1869 - 1947), appears in Italy and Its Monarchy
- Emperor Hirohito (1901 - 1989) appears in South Park
[edit] Politicians
- Draco the law-giver (Archon of Athens in 621 BC), appears in Xena: Warrior Princess
- Pontius Pilate, 1st century AD, appears in Monty Python's Life of Brian
- John Ratcliffe (died 1609), ship's captain and early leader of the Jamestown colony, appears in Disney's Pocahontas
- Judge George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys (1648 - 1689), appears in Lorna Doone
- Maximilien Robespierre (1758 - 1794), appears in many films, series and documentaries about the French Revolution
- Louis de Saint-Just (1767 - 1794), , appears in many films, series and documentaries about the French Revolution
- Andrew Jackson (1767 - 1845), appears in The Buccaneer
- John C. Calhoun (1782 – 1850), unknown to appear in any films, but has had many places named after him.
- Boss Tweed (1823 - 1878), appears in the film Gangs of New York
- William Jennings Bryan (1860 - 1925), appears under the name Matthew Harrison Brady in Inherit the Wind
- Robert Mugabe (1924 - ), appears in The Interpreter as President Edmond Zuwanie of the fictional country the Democratic Republic of Matobo, a reference based on him and Zimbabwe.
- Lavrenti Beria (1899 - 1953), appears in Stalin, The Girl In The Kremlin and The Inner Circle
- Joseph Stalin (1878 - 1953), appears in Stalin, The Girl In The Kremlin and The Inner Circle
- Benito Mussolini (1883 - 1945), appears in The Great Dictator
- Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945), many fictional appearances. Notable examples are The Great Dictator, Monty Python's Flying Circus (as "Mr. Hilter"), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Der Untergang
- Dr. Ante Pavelić (1889 - 1959), appears in Kaputt by Curzio Malaparte
- Dr. Radovan Karadžić (1945 - ), appears in The Peacemaker as the parliamentary speaker of the Bosnian Serb parliament under a different name, but is based on him
- Tomás Garrido Canabal (1891 - 1943), appears in Graham Greene's novel The Power and the Glory
- Francisco Franco (1892 - 1975), appears in Hitler Stopped by Franco
- Alfred Rosenberg (1893 - 1946), appears in The Myth of the Master Race: Alfred Rosenberg and Nazi Ideology and Taking Sides
- Josef Goebbels (1897 - 1945), appears in Mother Night and Der Untergang
- Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893 - 1946), appears in The Great Dictator, Monty Python's Flying Circus (as "Ron Vibbentrop") and Taking Sides
- Nikita Khrushchev (1894 - 1971), the leader of Brutopia in several Donald Duck stories is a caricature of Khrushchev
- Dr. Daniel Malan (1874 - 1959), appears in The Power of One under the name Prof. Daniel Marais
- Martin Bormann (1900 - 1945), appears in The Bunker and Beyond the Valley of the Dolls
- Julius Streicher (1885 - 1945), appears in Taking Sides
- François "Papa Doc" Duvalier (1907 - 1971), appears in Graham Greene's novel The Comedians
- Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908 - 1973), in MacBird
- Richard Nixon (1913 - 1994), appears in The Assassination of Richard Nixon, Futurama and The Simpsons
- Augusto Pinochet (1915 - 2006 ), appears in Missing, film based on the life of U.S. journalist Charles Horman, who disappeared in the aftermath of the Pinochet coup, The House of the Spirits and Of Love and Shadows
- Idi Amin (1928 - 2003), appears in The Last King of Scotland and Amin.
- Joseph-Désiré Mobutu Sese Seko (1930 - 1997), appears in In the Footsteps of Mr Kurtz
- Saddam Hussein (1937 - ), appears in Hot Shots! and Hot Shots! Part Deux , and in South Park, cohabiting with the Devil
- Slobodan Milošević (1941 - 2006), appears in Family Guy and The Simpsons
- Kim Jong-Il (1942 - ), appears in Team America: World Police
- Muammar al-Qaddafi (1942 - ), appears in Family Guy
- Sheriff of Nottingham appears in the Robin Hood mythology
- Boris Yeltsin (1931 - ), appears in Family Guy
[edit] Religious figures
- Tomás de Torquemada (1420 - 1498), namesake of a villain in the Nemesis the Warlock series
- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1901 - 1989), appears in Not Without My Daughter and in the miniseries 444 Days
- Pope Alexander VI (1431 - 1503), appears in The Family by Mario Puzo, amongst other appearances in literature and film.
- Girolamo Savonarola (1452 - 1498), appears in The Birth of Venus (Dunant) by Sarah Dunant
- Pope Leo X (1475 - 1521), appears in the movie Luther.
- Cardinal Richelieu (1585 - 1642), appears in The Three Musketeers
- Matthew Hopkins (witchhunter active 1644 - 1647); appears in The Conqueror Worm
- Brigham Young (1801 - 1877), the second prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is presented in a villainous context in the first Sherlock Holmes adventure, A Study in Scarlet.
- Grigori Rasputin (1869 - 1916), appears in Anastasia, Hellboy, and several films.
- Pope Pius XII (1876 - 1958), appears in The Deputy by Rolf Hochhuth
- David Koresh (born Vernon Wayne Howell) (1959 – 1993), cult leader and the self-proclaimed Messiah of the Branch Davidians cult, appears in the documentary Waco: The Rules of Engagement.
- James Warren Jones (1931 – 1978), cult leader of the Peoples Temple cult.
[edit] Scientists
- Dr. Josef Mengele (1911 - 1979), appearing in The Boys from Brazil and inspiring the character of Dr. Christian Szell (a villainous Nazi dentist) in Marathon Man
[edit] Traitors
- Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio (85-42 BC), appearing in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and Asterix comics.
- Judas Iscariot (died c. 29 - 33), the Bible and other religious texts; fictionalized in Jesus Christ Superstar and The Divine Comedy, many more
- Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801), appears in The American Revolution from 1994
[edit] Other Villains
- Andy Warhol (1928 – 1987), appears in movies, series and cartoons [citation needed]
- Raynald of Chatillon (1125 - 1187), appears in Kingdom of Heaven
- Ike Turner (1931 - ), appears in What's Love Got to Do with It?
- Joan Crawford (1905 - 1977), appears in Mommie Dearest
- Claus von Bülow (1926 - ), appears in Reversal of Fortune
- Johann Tetzel (1465 - 1519), appears in Luther
- Mata Hari (1876 - 1917), appears in Mata Hari
- Max Baer (1909 - 1959), appears in Cinderella Man
- William S. Burroughs (1914-1996), the inspiration for the villain in Colin Wilson's book, The Mind Parasites.
- Christopher Skase (1948 - 2001), the movie Let's Get Skase
- Osama bin Laden (1957 - ), appears in Team America: World Police, South Park, Family Guy, etc.
- Hanadi Jaradat (1975 - 2003), A photo of Jaradat was the central element in the artwork Snow White and The Madness of Truth