List of elements by density
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This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. (The first elements from hydrogen to radon are gases at normal room temperatures.)
Name | Symbol | Density (g/cm³) | Atomic number | Description/Mohs' hardness | Color | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrogen | H | 0.00008988 | 1 | gas | diatomic | |
Helium | He | 0.0001785 | 2 | gas | lowest boiling and melting pts | |
Neon | Ne | 0.0008999 | 10 | noble gas | ||
Nitrogen | N | 0.0012506 | 7 | gas | diatomic | |
Oxygen | O | 0.001429 | 8 | gas | diatomic | |
Fluorine | F | 0.001696 | 9 | halogen gas | yellow-green or yellowish brown | |
Argon | Ar | 0.0017837 | 18 | noble gas | ||
Chlorine | Cl | 0.003214 | 17 | halogen gas | yellowish green or greenish yellow | |
Krypton | Kr | 0.003733 | 36 | noble gas | forms compounds with fluorine and clathrates with water | |
Xenon | Xe | 0.005887 | 54 | noble gas | ||
Radon | Rn | 0.00973 | 86 | noble gas | radioactive, comes from radium | |
Lithium | Li | 0.534 | 3 | 0.6 | use it in batteries | |
Potassium | K | 0.862 | 19 | 0.4 | forms lots of compounds | |
Sodium | Na | 0.971 | 11 | 0.5 | burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water and oxidizes in air necessitating storage in an inert environment | |
Rubidium | Rb | 1.532 | 37 | 0.3 | ||
Calcium | Ca | 1.54 | 20 | 1.75 | ||
Magnesium | Mg | 1.738 | 12 | 2.5 | is very brittle | |
Phosphorus | P | 1.82 | 15 | nonmetal | Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. | |
Beryllium | Be | 1.85 | 4 | brittle 5.5 | ||
Francium | Fr | 1.87 | 87 | radioactive alkali metal | alkali metal isotope found in uranium and thorium ores | |
Caesium | Cs | 1.873 | 55 | 0.2 | liquid at or near room temperature. | |
Sulfur | S | 2.067 | 16 | 2.0 | ||
Carbon | C | 2.267 | 6 | (graphite) 1-2 (diamond) 10.0 | ||
Silicon | Si | 2.3296 | 14 | metalloid | ||
Boron | B | 2.34 | 5 | 9.3 | The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature. | |
Strontium | Sr | 2.64 | 38 | 1.5 | The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. | |
Aluminium | Al | 2.698 | 13 | 2.75 | non-magnetic, high reflectance | |
Scandium | Sc | 2.989 | 21 | transition metal | not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid(HNO3) and 48% HF | |
Bromine | Br | 3.122 | 35 | halogen | a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature. This element is corrosive to human tissue | |
Barium | Ba | 3.594 | 56 | 1.25 | Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lifes in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exceptions are 133Ba which has a half-life of 10.51 years, and 137mBa (2.6 minutes). | |
Yttrium | Y | 4.469 | 39 | transition metal | two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays | |
Titanium | Ti | 4.540 | 22 | 6.0 | corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine, high tensile strength | |
Selenium | Se | 4.809 | 34 | 2.0 | Selenium has at least 29 isotopes, of which 5 are stable, and 6 are nuclear isomers. | |
Iodine | I | 4.93 | 53 | halogen solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a purple-pink gas that has an irritating odor | least reactive of the halogens | |
Europium | Eu | 5.243 | 63 | lanthanide | ||
Germanium | Ge | 5.323 | 32 | 6.0 | ||
Radium | Ra | 5.50 | 88 | almost pure white, readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black | Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium. | |
Arsenic | As | 5.776 | 33 | 3.5 | poisonous | |
Gallium | Ga | 5.907 | 31 | 1.5 | ||
Vanadium | V | 6.11 | 23 | 7.0 | ||
Lanthanum | La | 6.145 | 57 | 2.5 | ||
Tellurium | Te | 6.232 | 52 | 2.25 | ||
Zirconium | Zr | 6.506 | 40 | 5.0 | ||
Antimony | Sb | 6.685 | 51 | 3.0 | ||
Cerium | Ce | 6.770 | 58 | 2.5 | ||
Praseodymium | Pr | 6.773 | 59 | soft | ||
Ytterbium | Yb | 6.965 | 70 | |||
Astatine | At | Approximately 7 | 85 | |||
Neodymium | Nd | 7.007 | 60 | |||
Zinc | Zn | 7.134 | 30 | |||
Chromium | Cr | 7.15 | 24 | |||
Promethium | Pm | 7.26 | 61 | |||
Tin | Sn | 7.287 | 50 | soft metal | ||
Indium | In | 7.310 | 49 | soft metal | ||
Manganese | Mn | 7.44 | 25 | |||
Samarium | Sm | 7.52 | 62 | |||
Iron | Fe | 7.874 | 26 | metal | ||
Gadolinium | Gd | 7.895 | 64 | |||
Terbium | Tb | 8.229 | 65 | |||
Dysprosium | Dy | 8.55 | 66 | |||
Niobium | Nb | 8.570 | 41 | |||
Cadmium | Cd | 8.69 | 48 | |||
Holmium | Ho | 8.795 | 67 | |||
Cobalt | Co | 8.86 | 27 | |||
Nickel | Ni | 8.912 | 28 | |||
Copper | Cu | 8.933 | 29 | |||
Erbium | Er | 9.066 | 68 | |||
Polonium | Po | 9.32 | 84 | |||
Ununhexium | Uuh | >9.32 | 116 | |||
Thulium | Tm | 9.321 | 69 | |||
Bismuth | Bi | 9.807 | 83 | |||
Ununpentium | Uup | >9.807 | 115 | |||
Lutetium | Lu | 9.84 | 71 | |||
Lawrencium | Lr | >9.84 | 103 | |||
Actinium | Ac | 10.07 | 89 | radioactive metallic element. glows in the dark with an eerie blue light. | ||
Molybdenum | Mo | 10.22 | 42 | |||
Silver | Ag | 10.501 | 47 | |||
Lead | Pb | 11.342 | 82 | |||
Ununquadium | Uuq | >11.342 | 114 | |||
Technetium | Tc | 11.50 | 43 | |||
Thorium | Th | 11.72 | 90 | |||
Thallium | Tl | 11.85 | 81 | |||
Ununtrium | Uut | >11.85 | 113 | |||
Palladium | Pd | 12.020 | 46 | |||
Ruthenium | Ru | 12.37 | 44 | |||
Rhodium | Rh | 12.41 | 45 | |||
Hafnium | Hf | 13.31 | 72 | |||
Einsteinium | Es | 13.5 (Estimate) | 99 | |||
Curium | Cm | 13.51 | 96 | |||
Mercury | Hg | 13.5336 | 80 | |||
Ununbium | Uub | >13.5336 | 112 | |||
Americium | Am | 13.69 | 95 | |||
Berkelium | Bk | 14.79 | 97 | |||
Californium | Cf | 15.10 | 98 | |||
Protactinium | Pa | 15.37 | 91 | |||
Tantalum | Ta | 16.654 | 73 | |||
Rutherfordium | Rf | 18.1 | 104 | |||
Uranium | U | 18.95 | 92 | |||
Tungsten | W | 19.25 | 74 | |||
Gold | Au | 19.282 | 79 | |||
Roentgenium | Rg | >19.282 | 111 | |||
Plutonium | Pu | 19.84 | 94 | |||
Neptunium | Np | 20.25 | 93 | |||
Rhenium | Re | 21.02 | 75 | |||
Platinum | Pt | 21.46 | 78 | |||
Darmstadtium | Ds | >21.46 | 110 | |||
Osmium | Os | 22.610 | 76 | |||
Iridium | Ir | 22.650 | 77 | |||
Seaborgium | Sg | 35 (Estimate) | 106 | |||
Meitnerium | Mt | 35 (Estimate) | 109 | |||
Bohrium | Bh | 37 (Estimate) | 107 | |||
Dubnium | Db | 39 (Estimate) | 105 | |||
Hassium | Hs | 41 (Estimate) | 108 | |||
Fermium | Fm | Unknown | 100 | |||
Mendelevium | Md | Unknown | 101 | |||
Nobelium | No | Unknown | 102 | |||
Ununoctium | Uuo | Unknown | 118 |