List of dog diseases

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This list of dog diseases is a continuously updated selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog. Some of these diseases are unique to dogs or closely related species, while others are found in other animals, including humans. Not all of the articles listed here contain information specific to dogs. These articles are marked with an asterisk (*).

Main article: Dog health

Contents

[edit] Infectious diseases

[edit] Viral infections

  • Rabies (hydrophobia) is a fatal disease that can affect any mammal, although the close relationship of dogs with humans makes canine rabies a zoonotic concern. Vaccination of dogs for rabies is commonly required by law. Please see the article dog health for information on this disease in dogs. [1]
  • Canine parvovirus is a sometimes fatal gastrointestinal infection that mainly affects puppies. It occurs worldwide.[2]
  • Canine coronavirus is a gastrointestinal disease that is usually asymptomatic or with mild clinical signs. The signs are worse in puppies.[3]
  • Canine distemper is an often fatal infectious disease that mainly has respiratory and neurologic signs.[4]
  • Kennel cough is an infectious respiratory disease caused primarily by Bordetella bronchiseptica. It most commonly occurs in dogs in close confinement such as kennels.[5]
  • Canine influenza is a newly emerging infectious respiratory disease. Up to 80 percent of dogs infected will have symptoms, but the mortality rate is only 5 to 8 percent.[6]
  • Infectious canine hepatitis is a sometimes fatal infectious disease of the liver.[7]
  • Canine herpesvirus is an infectious disease that is a common cause of death in puppies less than three weeks old.[8]
  • Pseudorabies is an infectious disease that primarily affects swine, but can also cause a fatal disease in dogs with signs similar to rabies.[9]
  • Canine minute virus is an infectious disease that can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal signs in young puppies.[10]

[edit] Bacterial infections

[edit] Fungal infections

  • Blastomycosis* is a fungal disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis that affects both dogs and humans. Dogs are ten times more likely to be infected than humans. The disease in dogs can affect the eyes, brain, lungs, skin, or bones.[15]
  • Histoplasmosis* is a fungal disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum that affects both dogs and humans. The disease in dogs usually affects the lungs and small intestine.[16]
  • Coccidioidomycosis* is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis that affects both dogs and humans. In dogs signs include coughing, fever, lethargy, and anorexia. Many cases include lameness due to bome lesions.[17]
  • Cryptococcosis* is a fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that affects both dogs and humans. It is a rare disease in dogs, with cats seven to ten times more likely to be infected. The disease in dogs can affect the lungs and skin, but more commonly the eye and central nervous system.[18]
  • Ringworm is a fungal skin disease that in dogs is caused by Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10%). Typical signs in dogs include hair loss and scaly skin.[19]
  • Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by Sporothrix schenckii that affects both dogs and humans. It is a rare disease in dogs, with cat and horse infections predominating in veterinary medicine. The disease in dogs is usually nodular skin lesions of the head and trunk.[20]
  • Aspergillosis* is a fungal disease that in dogs is caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus. Infection is usually in the nasal cavity. Typical signs in dogs include sneezing, nasal discharge, bleeding from the nose, and ulcerations of the nose.[21]
  • Pythiosis is a disease cause by a water mould of the genus Pythium, P. insidiosum. It occurs primarily in dogs and horses, but can also affect humans. In dogs it affects the gastrointestinal system and lymph nodes, and rarely the skin.[22]
  • Phycomycosis is a collection of fungal and mold diseases in dogs including pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis that affect the gastrointestinal tract and skin.[7]

[edit] Protozoal diseases

  • Giardiasis* is an intestinal infection in dogs caused by members of the genus Giardia. The most common symptom is diarrhea. The zoonotic potential of giardiasis is controversial.[23]
  • Coccidiosis can be caused by a variety of coccidian organisms in dogs, most commonly Isospora. There are usually no symptoms, but diarrhea and weight loss may occur.[24]
  • Leishmaniasis* is spread by the sandfly, and in the dog as well as human has both cutaneous and visceral forms. The dog is considered to be the reservoir for human disease in the Americas.[25]
  • Babesiosis* is spread by by members of the family Ixodidae, or hard ticks. The two species of the genus Babesia that affect dogs are B. canis and B. gibsoni. Babesiosis can cause hemolytic anemia in dogs.[26]

[edit] Other infections

[edit] Parasites

  • Intestinal parasites
  • Fleas* in dogs cause itching and hair loss. The most common flea in dogs is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, followed by the dog flea, C. canis.[27]
  • Ticks* are an external parasite of the dog and can spread diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis. They can also cause a neurological disorder known as tick paralysis.[28]
  • Heartworm disease in dogs is spread by mosquitoes and is spread by the parasite Dirofilaria immitis. Signs include cough, difficulty breathing, and death.[29]
  • Mites
    • Ear mites in dogs are microscopic members of the species Otodectes cynotis. Symptoms include itching, inflammation, and black debris in the ear.[30]
    • Cheyletiellosis is a mild pruritic skin disease in dogs caused by Cheyletiella yasguri. Humans can be transiently infected.[30]
    • Chiggers*, also known as harvest mites, can cause itching, redness and crusting in dogs.[7]
    • Mange in dogs include demodectic mange and sarcoptic mange. Demodectic mange is caused by Demodex canis. Signs include hair loss, redness, and scaling, and is not contagious to humans. Sarcoptic mange is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei canis. Signs include intense itching and scaling, and is contagious to humans.[30]

[edit] Skeletal and muscular disorders

  • Osteoarthritis*, also known as degenerative arthritis, is a common condition in dogs characterized by progressive deterioration of articular cartilage in the joints of the limbs. It can cause a great deal of pain and lameness. Treatment options include medications such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and joint fluid modifiers such as glycosaminoglycans. Other treatments include surgery, massage, warm compresses, chiropracty, and acupuncture.[31]
  • Hip dysplasia is an inherited disease in dogs that is characterized by abnormal development of the acetabulum and head of the femur. It is more common in large breeds.[7]
  • Elbow dysplasia is a condition found more commonly in large breeds. It incorporates several different hereditary conditions of the elbow, including osteochondritis of the medial condyle of the humerus, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna, and ununited anconeal process of the ulna.[7]
  • Luxating patella is a medial or lateral displacement of the patella, or kneecap. It is strongly suspected to be inherited, but can also result from trauma.[32]
  • Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is separation of immature articular cartilage from underlying bone. It is caused by osteochondrosis, which is characterized by abnormal endochondral ossification of epiphyseal cartilage. It is most commonly seen in the stifle, elbow, shoulder, and hock.[33]
  • Panosteitis is a common disease of unknown cause that causes pain and a shifting leg lameness in medium and large breed dogs. It affects the long bones of the hind and forelimbs.[34]
  • Legg-CalvĂ©-Perthes syndrome, also known as Perthes disease or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, is characterized by a deformity of the head of the femur and hip pain. It occurs in small breed puppies.[7]
  • Back pain* in dogs, particularly in long-backed breeds, such as Basset Hounds and Dachshunds, is usually caused by intervertebral disk disease. It is caused by degeneration and protrusion of the disk and compression of the spinal cord. It occurs most commonly in the cervical and thoracolumbar regions. Signs include back pain, hind limb weakness, and paralysis.[35]
  • Congenital vertebral anomalies, including butterfly, block, and transitional vertebrae, and hemivertebrae, are a collection of malformations of the spine in animals. Most are not clinically significant, but they can cause compression of the spinal cord by deforming the vertebral canal or causing instability.[7]
  • Craniomandibular osteopathy is a hereditary disease in West Highland White Terriers and also occurs in other terrier breeds. It is a developmental disease in puppies causing extensive bony changes in the mandible and skull. Signs include pain upon opening the mouth.[36]
  • Hypertrophic osteopathy is a bone disease secondary to disease in the lungs. It is characterized by new bone formation on the outside of the toe bones.[7]
  • Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is a bone disease in rapidly growing large breed dogs. Signs include swelling of the metaphysis (the part of the bone adjacent to the joint), pain, depression, loss of appetite, and fever. The disease is usually bilateral in the limb bones.[37]
  • Spondylosis*, known as spondylosis deformans in dogs, is growth of osteophytes on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the vertebral bodies. It is usually an incidental finding on radiographs and rarely causes symptoms.[35]
  • Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is an inflammatory disease in dogs affecting the muscles of the jaw. Signs include swelling of the jaw muscles and pain on opening the mouth. In chronic MMM there is atrophy of the jaw muscles, and scarring of the masticatory muscles due to fibrosis may result in inability to open the mouth (trismus).[7]

[edit] Cardiovascular and circulatory

[edit] Nervous system

[edit] Eyes

[edit] Ears

[edit] Skin

[edit] Cancers

  • Canine transmissible venereal tumor is a tumor of the genitals. It is spread by sexual contact.[7]
  • Hemangiosarcoma is an aggressive tumor in dogs, usually affecting the heart or spleen and less commonly the skin.[38]
  • Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor in dogs that commonly spreads to the lungs. It is more common in large and giant breed dogs.[38]
  • Histiocytoma is a benign skin tumor in dogs that sometimes regresses without treatment.[38]
  • Malignant histiocytosis is a disease found primarily in the Bernese Mountain Dog characterized by infiltration of the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs by histiocytes.[7]
  • Mastocytoma (mast cell tumor) is a type of tumor normally found in the skin of dogs. It can also invade the subcutis and spread to the liver, spleen, or bone marrow.[39]
  • Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) is a malignant cancer that is classified by location, cell type, and histological grade. The most common form in dogs is multicentric, involving the lymph nodes.[38]
  • Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that most commonly occurs in the mouth in dogs, and less commonly in the skin, subcutis, and bones.[7]
  • Squamous cell carcinoma* is a malignant tumor in dogs that most commonly occurs in the oral cavity, including the tongue, tonsils, and gingiva. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 5 percent of skin tumors in dogs, and are the most common tumor of the toe. Dogs with unpigmented skin on the nose may develop this cancer from long-term sun exposure.[38]
  • Perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum. They are most common in intact (not neutered) male dogs.[38]
  • Anal sac adenocarcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumor found in dogs that arises from the tissue of anal sac.[38]
  • Melanomas* account for four to six percent of skin tumors in dogs and are usually benign. They are the second most common tumor of the toe and are malignant in this location. Malignant melanoma is also a common oral tumor in dogs. Malignant tumors most commonly spread to the lymph nodes and lungs.[38]
  • Leukemias* are progressive proliferation of cancerous white blood cells within the bone marrow, resulting in destruction of the bone marrow and pancytopenia in many cases. Types of leukemia in dogs include acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute megakaryocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic basophilic leukemia, and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (or hypereosinophilic syndrome).[38]
  • Plasmacytomas* are common skin tumors in dogs that derive from B lymphocytes. Most are benign. Tumors of B lymphocyte origin that affect the bone marrow and are diffuse throughout the body are malignant and are called multiple myeloma*.[38]
  • Prostate cancer* is rare in dogs and occurs in both intact and neutered animals. It is malignant. The most common type is adenocarcinoma. Signs include blood in the urine and straining to urinate or defecate. It most commonly spreads to bone and the lungs.[38]
  • Mammary tumors in dogs are potentially benign or malignant. They occur most commonly in non-spayed females or female that were spayed later in life.[38]
  • Insulinomas* in dogs are insulin secreting tumors of the pancreas. The most common sign is hypoglycemia. They commonly metastasize to the liver.[38]
  • Oral cancer* includes tumors of the tongue, tonsils, gingiva, and palate. The most common types are squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanomas, and fibrosarcomas.[38]
  • Ocular tumors* in dogs are found in the eyelid, conjunctiva, third eyelid, cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, optic nerve, and orbit. The most common types are Meibomian gland adenoma (eyelid), papilloma (eyelid), melanoma (eyelid, conjunctiva, sclera, iris, ciliary body, choroid), squamous cell carcinoma (conjunctiva), adenoma (ciliary body), adenocarcinoma (ciliary body), lymphoma (retina, choroid, ciliary body), medulloepithelioma (retina, choroid), ganglioglioma (retina, choroid), osteosarcoma (orbit), mast cell tumor (orbit), and optic nerve sheath meningioma.[38]
  • Nasal cancer makes up one to two percent of all types of tumors in dogs. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type, followed by sarcomas such as fiborsarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Signs include sneezing and bloody nasal discharge.[38]
  • Thyroid cancer* is rare and usually nonproductive in dogs (unlike in cats, in which it causes hyperthyroidism). One-third of thyroid tumors are small benign adenomas; the rest are malignant carcinomas, usually large and invasive.[38]
  • Gastrointestinal cancer* is uncommon in dogs. The most common type is lymphoma. Nonlymphomatous esophageal cancer is especially rare, the most common types being squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma associated with the parasite Spirocerca lupi. Nonlymphomatous stomach cancer is usually an adenocarcinoma, and nonlymphomatous intestinal cancer is usually polyps, adenomas, adenocarcinomas, leiomyosarcomas, and leiomyomas.[38]
  • Kidney cancer* is uncommon in dogs. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma.[38]
  • Lung cancer* is usually the result of metastasis in dogs. Primary tumors are rare. The most common type is adenocarcinoma.[38]
  • Heart tumors* are rare in dogs. Types include hemangiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and fibroma.[38]
  • Testicular tumors* are the most common tumor of the canine male reproductive tract. Tumor types include Sertoli cell tumor, seminoma, and interstitial cell tumor. None commonly metastasize.[38]
  • Ovarian cancer* is uncommon in dogs, with the most common type being the granulosa cell tumor. This type of tumor can metastasize and can cause cystic endometrial hyperplasia.[38]
  • Uterine cancer* is very rare in dogs. The most common type is benign leiomyoma.[38]
  • Bladder cancer* is usually malignant in dogs. The most common type is transitional cell carcinoma.[38]
  • Liver cancer* is usually metastatic in dogs. Primary tumors are and include benign hepatocellular adenoma (hepatoma) and malignant hepatic carcinoids.[38]
  • Brain tumors* can be either metastatic or primary in dogs. The incidence of primary tumors is 14.5 per 100,000 dogs at risk. Types include meningioma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and undifferentiated sarcoma.[38]

[edit] Behavioral

[edit] Environmental

[edit] Endocrine diseases

[edit] Gastrointestinal diseases

[edit] Urinary and reproductive systems

[edit] Poisons and overdoses

[edit] Miscellaneous

[edit] References

  1. ^ Rabies: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  2. ^ Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J. (2005). Parvoviridae. A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  3. ^ Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J.; Flores, E.F. (2006). Coronaviridae. A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  4. ^ Canine Distemper: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  5. ^ Fenwick, B.; Keil, D.J. (2000). Canine Respiratory Bordetellosis: Keeping up with an Evolving Pathogen. Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  6. ^ Control of Canine Influenza in Dogs: Questions, Answers, and Interim Guidelines. American Veterinary Medical Association (2005-12-01). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
  8. ^ Hoskins, Johnny (May 1, 2005). "Herpesvirus: DVMs must manage infected litters". dvm. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  9. ^ Pseudorabies: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  10. ^ Carmichael, L. (2004). Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups: Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines (Canine Parvovirus-1). Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
  11. ^ Heuter, Kerry J.,Langston, Cathy E. (2003). "Leptospirosis: A re-emerging zoonotic disease". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 791-807.
  12. ^ Straubinger, R.K. (2000). Lyme Borreliosis In Dogs. Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  13. ^ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  14. ^ Marks, Stanley L. (2003). Bacterial Gastroenteritis in Dogs & Cats--More Common Than You Think. Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  15. ^ Mordecai, Adam L.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. Blastomycosis In Dogs and Cats. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  16. ^ Edison, Laura; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Roberts, Royce E.. Canine and Feline Histoplasmosis. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  17. ^ Coccidioidomycosis (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2004). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  18. ^ Reynolds, Cecily A.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. Canine and Feline Cryptococcosis. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  19. ^ Dermatophytosis: Cats and Dogs. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  20. ^ Sporotrichosis (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  21. ^ Aspergillosis. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
  22. ^ Grooters, Amy M. (2003). "Pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis in small animals". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 695-720.
  23. ^ Giardiasis: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  24. ^ Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  25. ^ Leishmaniasis in Dogs. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  26. ^ Cleveland, C. Wyatt; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Peterson, David S.. An Overview of Canine Babesiosis. College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  27. ^ Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
  28. ^ Ticks: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
  29. ^ Canine Heartworm Disease. American Heartworm Society (2005). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
  30. ^ a b c Griffin, Craig E., Miller, William H.; Scott, Danny W. (2001). Small Animal Dermatology, 6th ed., W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7618-9.
  31. ^ Degenerative Arthritis. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  32. ^ General Patellar Luxation Information. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  33. ^ Osteochondrosis. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  34. ^ Panosteitis. Canine Inherited Disorders Database. University of Prince Edward Island (1998). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  35. ^ a b Degenerative Diseases. The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  36. ^ Hazewinkel, Herman A.W. (2004). Hereditary Skeletal Diseases in Companion Animal Practice. Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
  37. ^ Thrall, Donald E. (1994). Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-3143-6.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Morrison, Wallace B. (1998). Cancer in Dogs and Cats, 1st ed., Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-06105-4.
  39. ^ Moore, Anthony S. (2005). Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs. Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
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